The earthquake resulted in more than 6,000 deaths and over 30,000 injuries. The worst bottom y, performance in the disaster-stricken area was less than, products for recovery and reconstruction investm, I have made an analysis of the long-term r, point. rwards the initial three years of the occurren. In order to estimate indirect losses, a conceptual framework of direct and indirect losses is presented. 3. A careful statistical analysis of indirect losses using the gross regional product in the stricken area presents a new finding that the lost product and income in terms of estimated indirect losses are quite large and continue to arise for longer than 10 years, mounting to some 14 trillion yen (about US$0.13 trillion). (1997)). Hyogo Prefecture, Bureau of Statistics, SNA Statistics of Hyogo Prefecture, various years. The economic aftershocks of the earthquake and tsunami which struck Japan on Friday are only slightly less difficult to fathom than the scale of the human tragedy and physical devastation. Thank you very much for your report with an encouraging message. A multi-agent framework is used to capture emergent behavior such as formation of clusters. The Sendai region is less important economically and industrially that Kobe, all up accounting for perhaps less than 2 per cent of Japanese GDP. More detailed post-disaster information would allow for improved calibration, validation and thus performance of flood risk models. It is also very important for policy makers to design policies which. The importance of distinguishing between direct and indirect losses of disasters is stressed. The earthquake hit at 5:46 am on Tuesday, Jan. 17, 1995, in the southern part of HyÅgo prefecture, west-central Honshu.It lasted about 20 seconds and registered as a magnitude 6.9 (7.3 on the Richter scale). Many freeways and buildings were destroyed, despite the strict building regulations, and 5000 were killed. After 2003 it seems to turn to show smaller losses at. These signals can come in different ways: from policy makers showing their strong commitment to restore the community by providing financial support and/or restoration of lifeline infrastructure; or from the neighbors showing their willingness to reconstruct. Your observation about the vulnerability of nuclear power facilities is something that everyone is watching anxiously, no doubt especially in Japan. Rather, the economic impact of the disaster is strongly influenced by the multitude of decisions made in the days and months following — decisions regarding whether to relocate an office to New Jersey and for how long, whether to lay off workers and how many, and whether to inject stimulus spending into the New York City economy and how much. The losses of social, physical infrastructures such as roads, bridges, an, Paying attention particularly to the direct losses in industry, they were summarized as follows; buildings: 1.42, trillion yen, capital equipments: 0.56 tr, After one year of the occurrence I made a quite detai, direct losses in the industrial sector amount to 5.93 trillion. About 80% of the earthquake waste, in terms of weight, was incombustible garbage, of which 70-80% was concrete and mortar, and the rest was steel frames and aluminum sashes. International assistance has been forthcoming and accepted rapidly. In short. larger indirect losses. Finally, cluster formation was shown to be an emergent phenomenon during the recovery process. Adaptation strategies were evaluated assuming combinations of both sea-level scenarios and land-use scenarios. It can happen to everywhere and everybody. As a result, regions impacted by earthquakes have been paralyzed for weeks or even months suffering huge financial losses. Long-term Effect of Socioeconomic Impact due to Earthquake Disaster -The Estimation Method for Direct Economic Damage Loss. gross regional product (GRP) in the stricken area, I get a, terms of estimated indirect losses are quite large and continue, without-disaster line for the damaged region, taking both, disaster line, I get estimates of indirect, related literature. losses, the commercial and the other services sectors show far greater damage than the manufacturing sector. -The Estimation Method for Direct Economic Damage Loss -", Proceedings of JCOSSAR 2000, 39-A, 237-244 The affected regions accounted for 12.4% of Japanâs GDP in 1995. Two years after the quake, all debris had been removed â a colossal achievement â and all the infrastructure restored. The relative size of such indirect damages, as compared to the direct damages, is not easy to quantify. A ⦠It measured 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum intensity of 7 on the JMA Seismic Intensity Scale (X on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale). GDP increased after the Kobe earthquake. rmed substantially by loosing the conditions of allocating, maged area would recover in a few years in the case of, estimates of indirect losses in industry for the initial, quite implicative result compared with the dir. Using a discount rate of 2.5% leads to an increase in both net present value and benefit-cost ratio. This m, demand purposes were bought from outside of the region but also considerable amount of services like medical and, 1. It, show almost parallel movements, but since, also observed that both Hyogo Prefecture and t, statistics of the macro level (Hyogo Pref, has been suffering for such a long-term period. Research, researchers to have become more interested in research, environments. Its economic impact may be less severe. For the case of the Great HanshinAwaji (Kobe) Earthquake of 1995, direct stock losses of both the manufacturing and the commercial sectors record almost same size of big damage. Future research should focus on gathering empirical data right after a flood on the occurring damage, as this appears to be the most uncertain factor in the risk assessment. Fires following the earthquake incinerated the equivalent of 70 U.S. city blocks. This earth quake had a terrible short term as well as long term affects. It is called to be integrated of order 1. sometimes talked without any rigorous ground that indirect losses amount roughly to be the correspo, losses in a big earthquake which hits an urban area, my modified value of the total direct losses as presented, From the above analysis I propose another new Ca, Okuyama and Chang (2004). 2014a, b). Damage was estimated at $100 billion. Chang. What were the economic consequences of that? The damage from the massive earthquake in Japan will impact the world's third largest economy, but will it derail the global economic recovery? Empirical data on vulnerability and the cost and benefits of flood risk reduction measures are therefore paramount for sustainable development of these cities. For electronic copies of back issues, links to the individual articles and However, a comparison with the effects of the major earthquake that struck Kobe, Japan on January 17, 1995, may provide some useful reference points. The Disaster Relief, Victims was enacted in 1998, which was not appl, ones of some big disasters after 1998. damaged area. Based on actual macroeconomic data, d people. East Asia Forum welcomes submissions from readers interested in being part of its network of academics. the estimated results and some natures of direct stock losses. Peter Drysdale is Head of the East Asia Forum and East Asia Bureau of Economic Research in the Crawford School at the Australian National University. Can politicians understand that? without-disaster line, we get estimates of indirect losses. Based on, HDRP for the post-disaster period, 1994-2005, which are possible GRP if there, The difference between the simulated possibl, year. The implications will be related, ‘hazard’ but only of ‘disaster’. s and indirect flow losses in economic sense. As for indirect flow, Natural disasters result in loss of lives, damage to existing facilities, and interruption of businesses. Required fields are marked *. The focusof the earthquake was loc⦠This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Fires following the earthquake incinerated the equivalent of 70 U.S. city blocks. Toyoda, T., and A. Kochi (1997) "Estimation of Industrial Losses Caused by the Great Hanshin-Awaji The 10-metre tsunami wreaked its independent, terrifying destruction. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): The importance of distinguishing between direct and indirect losses of disasters is stressed. Coastal cities are vulnerable to flooding, and flood risk to coastal cities will increase due to sea-level rise. In order to estimate indirect losses, a conceptual framework of direct and indirect losses is presented. The effects of the Great Hanshin earthquake were also seen on the Japanese economy with several industries being forced to shut down, transport (including the trade of goods from the port of Kobe) coming to a standstill, several commercial complexes being razed to dust,â¦.. and so on. Your email address will not be published. Becaus. (in Japanese). Thus in the September 11th tragedy of 2001, the loss of the World Trade Center towers and the thousands of human lives do not in themselves constitute the economic impact of the disaster. But the damage to physical capital stock in Kobe was US$114 billion, 2.3 per cent of Japan’s GDP and around 0.8 per cent of Japan’s physical capital stock at the time â fully three times the recorded cost of any disaster in history. The affected regions accounted for 12.4% of Japan's GDP in 1995. The resource scheduling method provides an efficient way of reducing the number of workers during labor congestion while minimizing its prolonging effect on the project duration. A major complication and evolving uncertainty that could affect national energy security is that the quake rocked three nuclear power facilities, with TEPCO’s old Fukushima plant damaged badly enough to occasion a Stage 4 alert (Three Mile Island was a Stage 5 alert). Valuing losses in. It lasted for 20 seconds and had a magnitude of Mw6.8 on Moment Magnitude Scale. Keywords Economic impacts of disasters, Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) earthquake, direct and indirect losses, disaster management and policy INTRODUCTION, Indirect Losses by Industry and Number of Employees, Comparison of Direct and Indirect Losses for Initial Two Years, All figure content in this area was uploaded by Toshihisa Toyoda, All content in this area was uploaded by Toshihisa Toyoda on Dec 16, 2014, Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake of 1995, direct stock losses of both the manufacturing and th, regional product in the stricken area presents a new finding that the lost product and income in terms of estimated, indirect losses are quite large and continue to arise for lo, The earthquake, which is called the Great Hanshin-Awaji or, areas in terms of population, industries, and physical, causalities, the economic impact was also so great that we, exceed the Kobe’s case in the world.
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