Rainfall as high as 38.46in (977mm) was recorded, which caused devastating flooding. Fiona was centered 50 miles (85 kilometers) southeast of Punta Cana, Dominican Republic with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (140 kph) on Sunday night, according to the U.S. National Hurricane Center. Corps Response, Diversity, to PAHO's appeal for emergency assistance to the Dominican Republic and [37], Upon making landfall, Hurricane Georges produced torrential rainfall, amounting to a maximum of 24.41inches (620mm) at Limonar in the province of Guantnamo. In addition to this, President Fidel Castro spoke live on national television to explain the country's plans to withstand the hurricane, as well as ensuring a quick recovery effort by using all of the nation's resources. Maximum sustained. Some of the islands' homes had roofs blown off. MORE: Entire island of Puerto Rico loses power as Hurricane Fiona makes . NB: Frequencies noted are approximate, and based on Hurricane City research, which defines a hurricane hit as "hurricane force winds for a few hours." 1. By later on September21, the hurricane warning was canceled for all islands east of the Virgin Islands including Antigua, Barbuda, St. Barthelemy, St. Martin. Damage to dwellings is less severe in Nevis Upon making landfall, storm surge heights along the coast of Alabama were estimated to have ranged from 7 to 12ft (2.1 to 3.7m), with a peak of 11.9ft (3.6m) in Fort Morgan, along with 25ft (7.6m) waves on top of it. [60] While stalling over the southern portion of the state, it produced torrential rainfall, amounting to 16.7in (420mm) in Pascagoula. phone lines are currently being restored throughout the country. None of the schools in the area suffered any damage and opened again four days after Georges had passed. The total damage in the British Virgin Islands was valued at US$9.404million. The majority of those who did leave went to a relative's house in a safer portion of the state. [49] Many waterfront homes on the western side of the island were pushed into other homes or strewn into pieces across the sand. Of all Meanwhile, a 15-year-old boy and a 75-year-old woman died Saturday in separate events in. Tracking westward, the wave spawned an area of low pressure two days later, which quickly strengthened into a tropical depression. The heavy rainfall from Georges damaged the crops greatly, despite the effort to harvest them prior to its arrival. The hurricane season in the Caribbean begins on June 1st and finishes in November. Dominican Republic residents boarded up their windows and doors to protect against the oncoming hurricane. Power outages, flooding, and minor to moderate structural damage was common. [1] Damage was greatest along the northern coastline from Cap-Hatien to Gonaves due to the flooding and mudslides. In addition, BHR/OFDA the region indicates that it could be several months (or years, for the response, and trained local citizens on the use of plastic sheeting. This, combined with strong winds, damaged 60,475homes, of which 3,481 were completely destroyed. of the island are most damaged, but the southern tip (a major tourist site) Several power lines were downed throughout St. Croix by high winds, leaving some residences without power. Fiona was centered 50 miles (85 kilometers) southeast of Punta Cana, Dominican Republic with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (140 kph) on Sunday night, according to the U.S. National. sheets may be released on a periodic basis, as additional information on We flew out into one of the worst hit areas and dropped the food. After pounding Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, Hurricane Fiona has strengthened and is forecast to pass near or to the east of the Turks and Caicos early Tuesday. Like in Puerto Rico, Georges was greatly weakened by the mountainous terrain, and after crossing the Windward Passage, it struck 30mi (48km) east of Guantnamo Bay, Cuba on September 23. [20] Note: Future Hurricane Georges fact upon specific recommendations from the assessment team, another 100 rolls [34], Though there are no recorded amounts, satellite-derived rainfall estimates show up to 39inches (990mm) of rain falling in the mountainous terrain of the countries. Of those in the evacuation area, 60% actually left. [1] In the country, 100,000 were left homeless due to Hurricane Georges. Fred was centered 50 miles (95 kilometers) southeast of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, on Wednesday morning and moving west-northwest at 16 mph (26 kph), the U.S. National Hurricane. [12] Damage to the electrical system on Dominican Republic totalled out to $107 million (1998 USD). The 2022 Atlantic hurricane season is finally over in the Dominican Republic as the country gears up for a busy winter season. The tourist industry in St. Kitts is also Most of those who stayed remained because they believed their house was safe enough for the storm. [51] As the storm moved slowly through the northern Gulf Coast, it produced torrential rainfall amounting to a maximum of 38.46in (976.88mm) in Munson, causing extensive inland flooding. [23] Total damage on Nevis amounted to $39million. Though eastern Cuba was the area most affected, the central and western portion of the island, including Havana, experienced torrential rains and strong wind gusts. The damage was extensive. However, around Biloxi, coastal casinos and the shipyards experienced little damage from the storm. As the storm progressed across the islands, the warnings were gradually canceled, until the Government of Cuba discontinued a hurricane watch at 03:00UTC on September26. are seeking refuge with friends and relatives). Georges's high winds caused extensive property damage, damaging 8085% of the houses on the island, and destroying 2025% of homes. The U.S. Embassy employees helped. 55 boats had sunk. [8] Due to lack of law enforcement, those who stayed in Key West went through red lights, double-parked, and disobeyed traffic laws. [27] Fifty-five boats were sunk across the islands. while two other people were hospitalized for the same issue. Within 24hours, Georges had weakened to a tropical depression, and due to weak steering currents the storm looped over southern Mississippi, then drifted to the east. The peak of the season usually falls somewhere between late August and early September. A six-person [1][62] Along the coastline, heavy rainfall and strong waves caused extensive property damage. In the potentially impacted area, Cuba's revolutionary army was sent to farm lands to harvest crops that could be destroyed during the storm. of BHR/OFDA plastic sheeting were delivered to Santo Domingo on September FEMA brought about temporary roofing for those whose roofs were torn apart. All shelters experienced power outages, and after the storm passed through, lack of water and sewer systems became a serious problem. The local Afro-Caribbean culture is unique in this part . It finally made landfall Aug . Lack of electricity resulted in damage to water facilities, as well. The storm reached its peak intensity on September20 with winds of 155mph (249km/h), just below Category 5 status on the SaffirSimpson scale. [56][58] Overall, damage in Florida totaled at least $340million. Officials declared that schools would be closed on September21 and shelters across the island were opened. [26] However, compared to the intensity of Georges during its passage of the islands, relatively few people, 15% of the island's customers, lost power. [1] Damage in the Dominican Republic amounted to $1.8billion (1998USD). A mid-tropospheric anticyclone pushed the hurricane slowly north-northwestward, forcing Georges to make its seventh and final landfall near Biloxi, Mississippi on September 28. Damage in the Dominican Republic amounted to $1.8 billion (1998 USD). joined by two additional disaster specialists on October 2. by Hurricane Georges. The National Hurricane. BHR/OFDA also funded the deployment Some areas were left isolated. In addition, damaged hotels and piers created a long-term impact through lack of tourisman industry the island relies on. High winds during the passage of the hurricane downed telephone and power lines, causing loss of communication and power across much of the island. Communities in the Dominican Republic surveyed the damage caused by Hurricane Fiona on Monday, September 19.The storm made landfall in the Dominican Republic in the early hours, bringing maximum sustained winds of around 90 miles per hour, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) said. the rainfall left by Hurricane George. The minimal pressure fell to 10001001 mb (29.54 IHg) for several hours. [44] The country requested food assistance in the aftermath of the hurricane to alleviate the serious losses. Having pre-positioned personnel in Barbados and USAID Missions in both countries will work closely with the task force No fatalities or serious injuries were. Hurricane Georges making landfall in the Dominican Republic, Effects of Hurricane Georges in the Dominican Republic, Meteorological history of Hurricane Georges, Effects of Hurricane Georges in the Lesser Antilles, "Hurricane Georges strikes Dominican Republic; Haiti alert", "Hurricane Georges's Landfall in the Dominican Republic: Detailed Airborne Doppler Radar Imagery", "Personal Accounts of Damage in Dominican Republic", "Hurricane Georges sweeps Dominican Republic, 100 dead", "Caribbean's poor hardest hit by Hurricane Georges", "Georges Pummels Caribbean, Florida Keys, and U.S. Gulf Coast", "Caribbean: Hurricane Georges OFDA-05: Fact Sheet #5", "Caribbean: Hurricane Georges OFDA-07: Fact Sheet #7", "Caribbean: Hurricane Georges OFDA-09: Fact Sheet #9", "Dominican Republic-Hurricane George Emergency Recovery Project", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Effects_of_Hurricane_Georges_in_the_Dominican_Republic&oldid=1138132026, Articles with dead external links from October 2010, Articles with dead external links from September 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 8 February 2023, at 05:04. We sent two containers full with clothing, food and school supplies for the victims and we rebuilt the houses of . And we also knew that people needed water and food immediately. The mountain flooding drained off in the island's rivers, causing every river to overflow its banks. Authorities reported two deaths from the hurricane a Puerto Rican man who was swept away by a flooded river and a person in the Dominican Republic who was hit by a falling tree. Dominican Tourism Association, only 5-10% of the country's tourism facilities to the agricultural sector. the main terminal and control tower. On October 5, BHR/OFDA transferred $260,000 to the U.S. Embassy for According to contemporary reports, Hurricane Georges caused $3.6 billion in damage in Puerto Rico. In Raizet, they experienced a 48 miles per hour (77km/h) wind and a maximal gust near 72 miles per hour (116km/h). This caused mudflows and severe flooding, and was a serious threat to the people who lived in villages close to the base of the mountains. The storm has curtailed In the United States, damage was widespread across multiple states. Overcast skies and windy. 330am AST 19 Sep -- @NWS Doppler radar data indicate that Hurricane #Fiona has made landfall in the Dominican Republic near Boca de Yuma. than in St. Kitts. The Hilton La Romana. [45], The hurricane's heavy rainfall resulted in mudslides along the mountainous terrain. The Dominican Secretary of Agriculture [1], Hurricane Georges reached the Straits of Florida on September 24, and as it had done earlier in its lifetime, quickly restrengthened to Category2 status on the September 25 due to warm water temperatures and little upper-level shear. 25 to assist with assessment efforts and to coordinate BHR/OFDA response. [39] These mudslides destroyed or severely damaged many houses, leaving 167,332homeless. The beaches of Aruba . The most destructive storms hit in 1998 with Hurricane George and in 1979 with Tropical Storm Federico, resulting in economic losses equivalent to 16.1% and 18.4%of GDP respectively. [29], In other nearby islands, Georges impact was relatively minor to moderate. dengue, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and acute respiratory infections are And for a period of time, we managed 16 of the shelters. disaster declaration, BHR/OFDA immediately provided $25,000 to the U.S. [36], Most impacted by Hurricane Georges was the agricultural industry. In addition, squall lines spawned multiple tornadoes, damaging evacuation shelters in Pascagoula and Gautier. The coffee and cocoa plantations also suffered from the hurricane, further damaging the country's food supply. [1], In Antigua, strong winds caused severe property damage, mostly caused to roofs. [26] A total of 20 homes were destroyed and 50 others sustained damage. Later on September19, a hurricane warning was put into effect for islands between Dominica and Anguilla, as well as Saint Martin, but excluding Saint Barthlemy. Overall, impact from the hurricane was fairly minor, with damages estimated at $30.1million, but no direct deaths due to well-executed evacuations. 27 via U.S. military aircraft. (22 Sep 1998) Spanish/NatOne of the most powerful storms to hit the Caribbean in years, Hurricane Georges, is headed for the Dominican Republic and Haiti.Las. [1], In the days prior to the hurricane's arrival, thousands of citizens in the Leeward Islands and Puerto Rico prepared for the major hurricane by boarding windows and purchasing supplies. St. Kitts was the most affected. Those who did leave were concerned about the severity of the storm, while those who stayed felt their home was safe enough for the hurricane's effects. Emergency Relief Agency (CDERA) to strengthen regional capacity to mitigate 20 tornadoes touched down, with one causing over $1.5 million. program to deliver 21,000 bags of pre-packaged food to hurricane victims. The entire country was without electricity during the aftermath of the storm, damaging water and communication systems. small municipal water pumps, and seeds for replanting in the southwestern As in the Dominican [40] On the southern coast, the head of a U.S.-based medical team, stranded for several days by flooding in the remote town of Belle Anse, anticipated a rise in malnutrition, disease, homelessness and poverty. 35% of homes on the island were damaged, though none were destroyed. needs within the Dominican Republic and Haiti. part of the country. assessment teams assisted in off-loading relief supplies, coordinated the We knew that international assistance might take a while. The Dominican Republic had to import significant amounts of rice and other crops to compensate for the losses. Pipe damage was found in two areas, but there was no damage to the sewage systems. Hurricane George hit. response is not expected in the eastern Caribbean; however, other lifesaving With a Recruiter, Global Vulnerability reduction will be [2] On September16, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Georges, and to Hurricane Georges the next day. The effects of Hurricane Georges in the Dominican Republic in 1998 were some of the worst in its recorded history. Crops were heavily damaged, and thousands of houses were destroyed due to mudslides. Boy stands in doorway after Hurricane George hit the city of Ramon Santana in the Dominican Republic. [30], In all, Georges caused $3.6billion in damage and there were no direct casualties due to well-executed warnings. A tornado outbreak produced 47tornadoes20 in Alabama, 17 in Florida, and 10 in Georgia, leaving 36injuries and about $9million in damage. [19] In the Dominican Republic, Fiona made its second landfall with winds of about 90 mph, with damaging winds and flash floods. On September 29, BHR/OFDA contributed $300,000 the effects of future disasters. Ambassador's disaster 17 tornadoes were confirmed throughout the state. The storm killed one person in St Lucia, according to the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency. The extent of damage throughout most shelters in these affected areas are overcrowded, low on potable water, in the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and the eastern Caribbean, and recommendations [66] Stewart County, received over 5 inches (130mm) of rain which caused extensive flooding that left several roads impassable. [15], 150,000 cubic meters of garbage was spread around the country's capital of Santo Domingo. The weakening hurricane spared the island as it passed 27 miles (43km) to the north, causing moderate damage (houses and roofs, uprooted trees, power lines and outages, beach erosion) especially in Grande-Terre. By Newsweek Archives On 9/8/17 at 1:55 PM EDT. prior to the hurricane's fury, BHR/OFDA was in a position to immediately A summary of damages for each country and of of water. Disclaimer: External data. The supplies sent by BHR/OFDA were controlled by the Dominican Red Cross. declaration, BHR/OFDA immediately provided $25,000 to the U.S. Embassy 3 died indirectly, however: 2 men collapsed and died due to stress, and a house burned down because of a candle being tipped over, killing one. Between Barbuda and Antigua, Georges killed 3 people, left 3,800 homeless and resulting at $60million damage.[21]. Roy Williams Homes, apartment buildings, and businesses were damaged. Safety, Connect total damage equals $445 million. [1][31] The hurricane spawned two F2 tornadoes on the island, though they caused little damage. Electricity and You could actually see how the rivers had flooded their banks destroying whole towns. Hyatt's flagship Dominican Republic resorts, the Hyatt Ziva and Zilara Cap Cana . team conducted a damage survey, reviewed current needs, oversaw BHR/OFDA Charleston, WV (25301) Today. On September 16, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Georges, and to Hurricane Georges the next day. The lifestyle of many Puerto Ricans was also forced to change, as many of their farms were left damaged beyond repair. People from other organizations, like the Red Cross and Habitat for Humanity, and people from other countries volunteered to help get food to those who needed it. [22], Damage in St. Kitts totaled EC$1.2billion (US$458million). 400,000 homeless persons, and the American Red Cross reports 2,000 missing Significant flooding caused by the hurricane is being blamed . Historically, most hurricanes have occurred in the month of September. Slow going on the New York City-bound George Washington Bridge as Hurricane Floyd deluges the area, August 26, 1999. Georges dissipated on October1 near the Atlantic coast of Florida. food assistance to the Dominican Republic in response to damage sustained also contributed $150,000 to PAHO's appeal for emergency assistance to Due to extensive preparations, only one direct death was attributed to the storm. State Secretary's Public Health and Welfare Office indicate 208 deaths for a two week duration. The National Hurricane Center said Monday evening that "heavy rains" from Fiona would continue to fall over Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic throughout the night. The hurricane season in the Dominican Republic is from June to October. Several rivers and creeks in the western Florida Panhandle reached record or near-record levels, including the Blackwater River at Baker, the Yellow River at Milligan, and the Shoal River at Crestview. The loss of 50% of the 1999 sugar harvest will also negatively Recruiter, Civil Rights and Though damage was minimal, one person died in the country.[1]. The BDR/OFDA obligated another $260,000 for a set of 100 500-gallon water tanks, 10 generators to power municipal water pumps, and many seeds to replant the country's agricultural system. Damage from the storm totaled to $33,000. Tracking westward, the wave spawned an area of low pressure two days later, which quickly strengthened into a tropical depression. [50] Hundreds of homes along these rivers were flooded, with at least 200homes damaged in Santa Rosa County and at least 639homes damaged and 7others destroyed in Escambia County. Vicios y virtudes tras 20 aos del huracn Georges en Repblica Dominicana, The Impact of Hurricane Strikes on Short-Term Local Economic Activity: Evidence from Nightlight Images in the Dominican Republic, Disasters in the Americas: the Case for Legal Preparedness, Analysis of Multiple Natural hazards in Haiti (NATHAT). However, most of them were prepared to leave if the situation became worse. It continued to the west-northwest, and struck Key West later on September 25 with winds of 105mph (165km/h). The immediate hurricane-related concerns are the provision of short-term We couldn't land yet; for a week, we dropped the food to people who were in pretty bad shape. The official death toll was approximately 300. of the destruction and damage to the housing stock. eastern Caribbean islands that incurred damage as a result of the hurricane, hurricane include La Romana, San Juan de la Maguana, and San Cristobal. [1], Several hundred people on the island of Montserrat went into twelve hurricane shelters as Georges passed by with winds of 110mph (175km/h). of damage to the electrical system and $2.5 million worth of damage to resulted in poor urban neighborhoods and rural areas throughout the country The NHC had warned of the potential for "life-threatening and catastrophic" flooding across the country . This figure includes crop and livestock loss and damage [11], Georges was the first hurricane to cross the entire island of Puerto Rico since the San Ciprian hurricane in 1932. The helicopters were used for two weeks and cost $1.2 million. Hurricane Georges had just recently reached Category 3-status when it made landfall on the island and became the worst storm to affect the island since Hurricane David made a direct landfall in 1979. with the delivery of relief supplies and to conduct overflight assessments In follow-up to the U.S. Hurricane Georges (/r/) was a powerful and long-lived Cape Verde Category 4 hurricane which caused severe destruction as it traversed the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico in September 1998, making seven landfalls along its path. In the Dominican Republic, 55% of the agricultural system was lost, partly from mudslides, flash floods and river valleys. One shelter in Forrest County was damaged, forcing the citizens to another camp. Is Peace Corps Right affected individuals as a result of the hurricane. It brought 70mph (110km/h) winds to Turks and Caicos Islands and South Andros, as well as precipitation in the storm's outer bands. Authorities reported two deaths from the hurricane a Puerto Rican man who was swept away by a flooded river and a person in the Dominican Republic who was hit by a falling tree. Maximum sustained winds at landfall in the Dominican Republic are estimated to be 90 mph, according to the National Hurricane Center. The hospital and airport on both islands Like on St. Kitts, high winds downed power and telephone lines, damaging the water system there. A tropical wave exited the coast of Africa on September 13. [7] The island's agriculture and tourism system suffered greatly. This left tens of thousands homeless after the storm's passage. [48], Like in Puerto Rico and Hispaniola, the severe drought during the El Nio of 1997 exacerbated the flood's disruption to crops in eastern Cuba. St James's, England, United Kingdom 44 Mostly Cloudy. The USAID The official death toll was approximately 300. Neighboring Haiti expected the worst, opening shelters and evacuating vulnerable people from low-lying coastal areas. BHR/OFDA Assistance to Haiti: $399,850 the USG is prepared to provide a total of $35 million in humanitarian and Hurricanes Maria and Irma are recent examples of hurricanes that caused devastation here in 2017, and most hurricanes hit the western and southwestern coasts of the Dominican Republic. Five major resorts in the Dominican Republic have closed in the wake of Hurricane Fiona. 1,150 water jugs to St. Kitts; 100 rolls of plastic sheeting, two 3,000-gallon Isolated tornadoes were also predicted on September 22. [37], Well-executed evacuations and warnings limited the death toll to six,[1] while damage amounted to $305million (1998USD, $500million 2009USD). of building structures, roadways and bridges, public utilities, and the of six U.S. military helicopters (at a cost of $1.2 million) to assist In the Greater Antilles, hundreds of deaths were confirmed, along with over $2.4billion in damages. people are homeless on the two islands, 1,762 homes are damaged, and 390 Both A little under 73,000 houses had been damaged, with just over 28,000 others being destroyed. Nearly 10 hours of continuous rainfall resulted in mudslides and overflown rivers across the mountainous country, damaging many cities along the southern coastline, including the capital. The population was not warned correctly of the impending storm, causing the preparations to be insufficient. A Hurricane Watch has been issued for the northern coast of the Dominican Republic from Cabo Frances Viejo westward to Puerto Plata. Many homes situated near the banks of these rivers were destroyed or suffered extensive damage. Aruba. USAID Administrator Brian Atwood headed While the tiny, square-mile Little Corn island was devastated by Hurricane Joan in 1988 and experienced damages from Hurricane Eta and Iota in 2020, the overall frequency of extremely severe hurricanes is comparatively low. [11] Damage and repairs to houses and public buildings was to reach over $400 million. After a severe drought in 1997, Georges's severe flooding stopped any chances of recovering quickly. They asked: Could you help us? Total BHR/OFDA Assistance: $2,981,967. [1] However, there were three indirect fatalities in the state. Thousands of homes were damaged throughout the state. with U.S. agricultural producers. Hurricane Fiona was expected to bring life-threatening flash and urban flooding to parts of the Dominican Republic after making landfall near Boca de Yuma at 3:30 a.m. AST, the U.S. National . St. Kitts and Nevis: There are Reports of hurricane-related damages Hurricane Fiona roared over the Dominican Republic on Monday after knocking out power across all of Puerto Rico. The environment suffered major damage. Maximum sustained winds at landfall are estimated to be 90 . 120mph (193km/h) winds downed and uprooted trees across much of the country, littering streets with debris and mud. 3, Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables update, "Puerto Rico Tallies up Devastation from Hurricane Maria", "Impact situation report #2 Hurricane Georges", "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary", "Caribbean: Hurricane Georges OFDA-09: Fact Sheet #9", "United States Virgin Islands Event Report: Hurricane", "Georges Pummels Caribbean, Florida Keys, and U.S. Gulf Coast", "FEMA News Photo taken on 09/24/1998 in US Virgin Islands", "Hurricane Georges Preliminary Storm Report", "Hurricane Georges hits Puerto Rico and moves on", "Hurricane Georges September 19 October 1, 1998", "Deaths Associated with Hurricane Georges Puerto Rico, September 1998", "Updates from the Islands: Georges Dominican Republic", Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance, "Caribbean, Dominican Republic, Haiti Hurricane Georges Fact Sheet #2", "Hurricane "Georges" Causes Extensive Crop Damage in Caribbean Countries", Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, "Hurricane Georges and the Dominican Republic", "The Impact of Hurricane Georges on the area of Belle-Anse, Haiti", "Impact Situation Report Hurricane Georges Republic of Haiti", "Eastern Caribbean, Dominican Republic, Haiti Hurricane Georges Fact Sheet #9, Fiscal Year (FY) 1999", "Hurricane Georges Public Advisory Number 35", Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, "Cuba: 4 dead; thousands left without homes", "Gulf Coast damage estimates trickle in for Georges", Hurricane Earl and Hurricane Georges Beach and Dune Erosion and Structural Damage Assessment and Post-storm Recovery Plan for the Panhandle Coast of Florida, "Residents near rivers start cleaning up soggy homes", "Panhandle totals damages as region begins to dry out", "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena", "Flood Observations: Damages and Successes", "Life goes on in the wake of Hurricane Georges", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, HPC Georges Rainfall Report for the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Georges&oldid=1141246028, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 02:49.
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