h�bbd```b`` ��+��X,�d"��H��`�K`Y]�yH2�F�� ����L�,� �Z����� � ' • Find correlation between each question in the questionnaire and its total value. Descriptives for each variable and for the scale, summary statistics across items, inter-item correlations and covariances, reliability estimates, ANOVA table, intraclass correlation coefficients, Hotelling's T 2, and Tukey's test of additivity. x��W�n�6}7��S!�ށ@��$E�f��S�(\���&���v��CRJ$�� validity; thus contributing to the overall construct validity. endobj Test Reliability—Basic Concepts Samuel A. Livingston Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey. Often new researchers are confused with selection and conducting of proper validity type to test their research instrument (questionnaire/survey). endstream endobj 1169 0 obj <>/Metadata 87 0 R/Names 1182 0 R/Outlines 239 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 1159 0 R/StructTreeRoot 304 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 1170 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 1171 0 obj <>stream YOU are responsible for mastering SPSS, and YOU need to practice, find alternative information sources, and fill in any gaps in your knowledge/skill sets regarding use of SPSS and statistics. 13 0 obj endobj endobj Validity and Factor Analysis -Using IBM SPSS Objective Discuss the concepts of reliability and validity. IG"�W˹�Fz呆�m��ޕjj�N�$Ϋ��mr�]5`OCr_��e�hRF��[,�7���^ ^�EK�jd�D� �]�'�c{fM[f\W� �;���EVqhb���}�u4g/�Q�۔�� �9�ڲ���2VSb �g������^9�P;F��+&���n_I^n+��CU�+���-7�;�+%{�տV��Wʖ�CU�r�q�R.�k��\��cagZ�f;�u*��`G�]2����C�?I�e����P���Ēt�x������E�؈���b��!�2����r�����,��L�`�O �!v��пSP���Ԯ�37Z������i;AH�S�iCS�p4 �$V1;�~Ia5��!^3��c��X2)�@�K3�%�s�S�Oc�$��$��d���N� �v /�ƒI�λ�Iҁ��X���m*Y>�*/l����^}�S�By�֤���&��l��p���u��7$�* endobj 1(1) old new old m m α α= +−α αnew is the new reliability estimate after lengthening (or shortening) the test; αold is the reliability estimate of the current test; and m equals the new test length divided by the old test length. The reliability test resulted in an overall alpha of .949. As Gaël mentions, assessing scale validity is a large and complex topic. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was ap- plied to the six items of the questionnaire. Reliability determines if the How to Test Validity questionnaire Using SPSS | The validity and reliability the instrument is essential in research data collection. There are several ways to estimate the validity of a test including content validity, concurrent validity, and predictive validity. number of points that Y changes, on average, for each one point change in X. SPSS calls a the “constant.” The slope is given in the “B” column to the right of the name of the X variable. stream 1181 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<7CDC9F98479A1B41873665895C5C1316>]/Index[1168 27]/Info 1167 0 R/Length 80/Prev 370414/Root 1169 0 R/Size 1195/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream KC#��;P��+C� t �sZX�`K�L!��#�A��Ά5�$�'��m�T�5�Wi�AEm��汏�ޢ��4 � t3&� 9��Lp^���6�!�e���-��S��j8�� �Kq�(�Җ��qE��U�0�>�X���=��>���÷�W���,���|/�,�{eL�'Xn����X�"b�Y�C �6��� 13֕�.tLt�d�/�E�!#m~��i�r�^+�����(�`cBzɨ+��+� �,�� ).To help distinguish between instrument and instrumentation, consider that the instrument is the device and instrumentation is the course of action (the process of developing, testing, and using the device). For ... inferences about test scores related to the concept being studied. 8 0 obj Cronbach Alpha is a reliability test conducted within SPSS in order to measure the internal consistency i.e. Cronbach’s alpha is a test reliability technique that requires only a 2. <> �>�AD�<<3��������P�����f�awS\������/�����n�9�X�����d6���Xߞ̠���A�QF*�X�Q�M%M=�^4|;Ջ���/�?������,���6}g��3�^���_��a��Su���w���G�l=�@�\߱�o7���)i,Cst���Nq`����X��x"^����(�W>j\�~wI M�-05�3$J0���� j&&��4�r��I$*Cb���B�3$R05��dH@17�ĦI��l��ph�̤���j�0� ~> Age PRE 1 LMCI 1 UMCI 1 LICI 1 UICI 1 9.00 1.53695 1.51102 1.56288 1.06161 2.01229 Table 1: Prediction and con dence intervals If we’re predicting the FEV1 for a single child, we use the columns headed LICI 1 (Lower Individual Con dence Interval) and UICI 1 (Upper Individual Con dence Interval). For example, if a person has a high score on a ... spss-8.php Table 2 Attributes of reliability Attributes Description Homogeneity (or In analyzing the data, you want to ensure that these questions (q1 through q5) all reliably measure the same latent variable (i.e., job motivation).To test the internal consistency, you can run the Cronbach's alpha test using the reliability command in SPSS, as follows: endobj x��ZYo7~7���o���� Iz��ߌ>�Z�R�Hj"9Ϳ/g��Z\�ӠMi��3�\d��|. Brown (1994) explains face validity as for whether the test, on the face of it, truly resembles to test what it is intended to assess, from the learner’s perspective. Table 1 shows the SPSS output for age 9. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 13 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> stream <> Another common misconception is that reliability is equivalent to validity. 0 using SPSS y Chapman & Ha/CRC ... assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. ~^ն�y�R���ޱH̿q�'qNj��7ݬm6O@0 c�>���|k��x;��;����t+I7WӅ�_� I�6z� Z�EK}��f�j�wQ�n��OOF�u2�������v) ��]����xJ�9݈\�L8����{ experts from areas outside of the research population to establish content and face validity. .pdf version of this page. Download Questionnaire Analysis Using Spss pdf. These This involves giving the questionnaire to the same group of respondents at a later point in time and repeating the research. > 0.05 the question/instrument in not valid endobj Create an index variable. ^hx�qă(��A2T�GJ(Cl��J��φH�~]�-o������E���������U1��妚C�+�a�ۅ��\l*΅,.��W�����i[�U��ϫ��0L����x�Z/�E1����2�v��*�����6վ�Y��;����/ձofU� 1. As Messick (1989, p. 8) states: Hence, construct validity is a sine qua non in the validation not only of test interpretation but also of test use, in the sense that relevance and utility as well as appropriateness of test … In this paper, just the reliability and validity check of the second part of the questionnaire - students’ pleasure in writing - is discussed (for the questionnaire see Table 1). ]��k�f�x���k=fy�||ܦp=��!�*��H/oS|��m;��s��m�]qO�v�g����'\C?���l\�)�K=~�����C��w��%�����c����4Cnc݄X���U�tm\���M����~�m�s�YUb�b�n�r^�W�5y ޓ��7���������ؓ=xKނ�~��B���A� ��Ȓ�Y��䋒ld�A-�Z�Ȏ��.A]ºu =�����nn�nn�nn�>>�>>��z�*3��LE�2S���WQ�2_���W�+�Uԫ. Then, comparing the responses at the two time points. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. %PDF-1.5 endstream endobj 1172 0 obj <>stream • Click here to download KendallsW_Raters_Are_Rows.sav for SPSS. 2 0 obj Use factor analysis to determine the validity of a new scale variable, then reliability analysis to assess the scale’s reliability. <> Ellen Drost 110 Alternative forms. For test‐retest reliability and validity estimation, psychologists generally use Pearson correlations to express the magnitude of relationships between attributes. a value of Cronbach’s alpha for an existing test. 3 0 obj You could start with exploratory factor analysis and then later on build up to confirmatory factor analysis. test results for their intended purpose. Validity pertains to the extent to which scores measure the intended concept. Reliability can be established using a pilot test by collecting data from 20 to 30 subjects not included in the sample. [ 7 0 R] The face validity of a test is sometimes also mentioned. 2 assessments and giving no attention to the concepts of validity and reliability to using statistical software (e.g., SAS, SPSS) to calculate these coefficients, many districts seem to believe their only option is to do the best they can and simply create assessments without concern for these *�L�����5���#[x!��D�F�1����(�A~*��J����z �kk_�qP&ۙ�b�nb��#{�)_�#_ش �}�kw���X�6x�a&��g`=��>�0y�ן[�=s: � G��}��=�Q����9p�D��^Y�PZ�V��I������QW��9¥���$ This can be illustrated using a simple data set of actual data collected from a class of graduate students enrolled in a Winter Quarter, 2003, research design course. validity test of the questionnaire namely; f ace validity, content validity, construct validity and criterion validity. • See the significance value (Sig. 1168 0 obj <> endobj Models. endstream endobj startxref Instrument is the general term that researchers use for a measurement device (survey, test, questionnaire, etc. endstream reliability, a given test may yield grossly divergent reliability estimates on different administrations” (p. 178). H�\�݊�@��}�������* d������} ����Q阋������B�'v������a���������]��p� �. This review article explores and describes the validity and reliability of a questionnaire/survey and also discusses various forms of validity … For rater reliability where ratings are usually The alternative forms technique to estimate reliability is similar to the test retest method, except that different measures of a behaviour (rather than the same measure) are collected at … Consider different methods to create the scale, including how to handle missing data. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Depends on the types of questionnaire, some of these validity tests are <> For example, if the test … Factor analysis on the questionnaire for construct validity was performed using tests contained in SPSS PASW version 20( ). A simple search for “SPSS tutorials” on Google will yield a host of useful resources. endobj Validity Test • Using SPSS software to do the correlation analysis Pearson Correlation. 11 0 obj Test the Validity of Pearson Correlation Using SPSS http://spssforstatistics.com/test-the-validity-of-pearson-correlation-using-spss/ Test-retest reliability. 7 0 obj ... Interactions of questionnaire using the validity or other part to rate the form the data ... Chi square test is encrypted using spss to the whole topic addressed in. 6 0 obj endobj This type of reliability test has a disadvantage caused by memory effects. <> Internal consistency and reliability were measured using Cronbach’s alpha. Part I: The Instrument. t��c��b1pl� M �{�*�g��`ݔY�ƴH�����]00�0�`��V�AD��p$�y3�_�$6�-@ڇ���> ���`:��^Yׂԅ2p���ձ�xV5�: �G2p��C�� �{�� 10 0 obj 5 0 obj Suppose you wish to give a survey that measures job motivation by asking five questions. VALIDITY Test-Retest Split-Half Inter-rater Cronbach Alpha . hV�n7�>���ex�j5*�Ԩ���ᇵ���V�����rk��(����̐-�P*�=�$(�VĤw"� endobj 2007). 9 0 obj Validity is defined as the extent to which a concept is accurately measured in a quantitative study. Factor analysis With factor analysis, the construct validity of a questionnaire can be tested (Bornstedt, 1977; Ratray & … SPSS provides two key pieces of information in the output viewer. .5�+?V` �k=>v�����.D������nj����ϯ���]��(:? January 2018 Corresponding author: S. A. Livingston, E-mail: slivingston@ets.org endobj Therefore, the correct data will be determining true the results of research quality. 3. SPSS also gives the standardized slope (aka ), which for a bivariate regression is identical to the Pearson r. Here are just some basic suggestions to get you started: Check the factor structure of the test to evaluate whether items load most on the theorised scales. <>>> While true or not the data is highly dependent on true or not the research instrument. ): – If Sig. 12 0 obj <> If test-takers accept that the gained results are accurate, then face validity can be associated more with acceptance than actual validity (Alderson, Clapham and Wall, 2005) 7. The following models of reliability are available: Alpha (Cronbach). %PDF-1.4 %���� To test for factor or internal validity of a questionnaire in SPSS use factor analysis (under data reduction menu). validity from .60 to.57 would result from abandoning formula scoring. <> %���� First, the Keiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test for sampling adequacy and �,�B��86���b�kp9 �d2;�tA��)�V�v�%��L���p\`��P� ��d�`7Aփٖ���Ih�"GO4������Q��4���h���e1Zr����b��Ё�T�ЈK�$����x���T�ŷ�ǝ"2(If\� d �l�z�l��[ ��>+a������q''C���D��g�E�d]�X�.�IqZ��Pݚi�s9 ��u^���+wٍ$�uљ�F�Ӯ3^x3��g=�S�0*]���-��ۦ�bWF���`����F f��h @�0Ztt�d��4P���eL3��)V�L(D�� �� �+i���] �A8`qe�z��`��dV%rEFG� In psychology, discriminant validity tests whether concepts or measurements that are not supposed to be related are actually unrelated.. Campbell and Fiske (1959) introduced the concept of discriminant validity within their discussion on evaluating test validity.They stressed the importance of using both discriminant and convergent validation techniques when assessing new tests. 4 0 obj %%EOF %M,F������k�3����K'F�b�(o7��i�����bZJ;�\��q��_~���f]��u�I�x��Ғ�]�D���_�^u�'��b����jgw� ��c��KYLZ������l��$Ay�l˩���v�.��vD^��2|�仡Ϛ�j^7��Ǻ4���|\�7��\o��!B�:��m��(r���M��\�JR^���M w�N|������Jk� �f��n����2yn���ܴ�@���uJX 6�[B�dy�! For all secondary data, a detailed assessment of reliability and validity involve an appraisal of methods used to collect data [Saunders et al., 2009]. Data collected from pilot test can be analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, by IBM incorporated) or any other related software. 1194 0 obj <>stream By (3), this reduction in validity is the same as would occur if the test length were halved ( K =0.48)! 1 0 obj validity of the item is poor at best and at worst unknown. Download Questionnaire Analysis Using Spss doc. resources freely available online for mastering SPSS. < 0.05 the question/instrument is valid – If Sig. endobj Reliability Reliability is one of the most important elements of test … It is most commonly used when the questionnaire is developed using multiple likert scale statements and therefore to … <> Excel spreadsheet is usually, for the majority of. Small values (less than 0.05) of the significance level indicate that a … Validity and reliability increase transparency, and decrease opportunities to insert researcher bias in qualitative research [Singh, 2014]. 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