thanks to God for this book; thanks for all its beauties, its consolations, its promises, its views of the Messiah, its predictions of the certain triumph of truth, and its glowing descriptions of the future conquest of the church, when God shall extend to it ‹peace like a river, and the glory of the Gentiles like a flowing stream.‘ Come soon that blessed day, when ‹the ransomed of the Lord shall return to Zion, with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads‘ Isaiah 35:10; when ‹the wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad, and the desert shall rejoice and blossom as the rose‘ Isaiah 35:1; and when it shall be announced to the church, ‹thy sun shall no more go down; neither shall thy moon withdraw itself, for Yahweh shall be thine everlasting light, and the days of thy mourning shall be ended‘ Isaiah 60:20. So likewise the author of the book of Judith, âWo to the nation rising up against my kindred, the Lord Almighty will take vengeance on them in the day of judgment, putting fire and worms in their flesh:â Jdt 16:17, manifestly referring to the same emblem.âAnd they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh â Hebrew ×ר×××, an execration, as Dr. Waterland renders it. (Isaiah 66:24) Jesus later in the New Testament used Isaiah's description verbatim. “Christ the Lord,” says Vitringa, “in passing his judicial sentence on false Christians and wicked persons, will say, Go, ye cursed: or execrated, into eternal fire. Cheyne quotes a singular rubric of the Jewish ritual, that when this chapter, or Ecclesiastes 12, or Malachi 3, was read in the synagogue, the last verse but one should be repeated after the last, so that mercy might appear as in the end triumphant after and over judgment. And the wicked shall be punished in hell till the righteous shall say, - It is enough. And they shall go forth and look upon the carcases.] And, in regard to Gehenna, the Chaldee paraphrast renders everlasting, or continual burnings, by the Gehenna of everlasting fire. "Blessed be God who hath created the mountains and the hills. All the enemies of God would be destroyed; the pure religion would triumph, and the people of God would be secure.It may be made a question, perhaps, to what period this refers. Chapters 56 … Though the Aaronical priesthood is destroyed, God reserves this prerogative to himself, to appoint his own ambassadors; and no man who is not called of God has any right to minister, no ordination of man being able to make those ministers of God, who are not first inwardly moved by the Holy Ghost to take this office upon them. Men; rebellious Jews and persecutors, who perish miserably. 'Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary24. This relates either to the Jews, as some interpret it, many of whom might have brought back with them, and practiced in secret, those idolatries which they had learnt in Babylon: or, as others, to the Antichristian church, in which idolatry shall revive, and Christ's ordinances be disregarded: or it may more generally refer to all the wicked who rebel against God. Isaiah 66:24. tola", the maggot bred from putrid substances. When he says that they shall be tormented by âfire,â this mode of expression, as I have formerly remarked, (232) is metaphorical. They would be swept off as unworthy to live with God, and they would be consigned to punishment - loathsome like that of ever gnawing worms on the carcasses of the slain, and interminable and dreadful like everconsuming and extinguishable fires.This is the consummation of the series of bright visions that passed before the mind of Isaiah, and is an appropriate termination of this succession of wonderful revelations. Yet there is an implied contrast between the straits of the calamity and the free departure; as if he had said, âOut of the dark prison in which they had been confined they shall again come forth to the light.â. 5. and look upon the carcasses of the men that have sinned against me. In which hope, I also, now deeply affected, and prostrate before his throne, give humble thanks to God the Father, and his Son Christ Jesus, through the Spirit, for the grace and light with which he has endowed me, his unworthy servant, in commencing and completing the commentary on this book; entreating, with earnest prayer, of his grace and mercy, that, pardoning those errors into which erroneously I may have fallen, he will employ this work, such as it is, to the glory of his name, the use of the church, and the consolation of his people; and to Him be the glory throughout all ages.‘, Those that transgressed or “rebelled” against the Lord are the obstinate idolaters referred to in chaps, 65. Coenabat Nerva cum paucis. Truly, Lord, we may, and do cry out, in the words of this scripture, who hath heard such a thing? Here I close my labors in endeavoring to elucidate the visions of this wonderful prophet. The Saviour Mark 9:44, Mark 9:46, applied the language to the future punishment of the wicked, and no one, I think, can doubt that in Isaiah it includes that consummation of worldly affairs. They say that the imagery of the worms and the fire is taken from Isaiah 66:24 and is meant to show the judgment of annihilation, not eternal conscious torment. . The misery is described by an allusion to the frightful spectacle of a field of battle covered with the carcasses of the slain, which lie rotting upon the ground, full of worms, crawling about them, and feeding on them. Thou hast found, according to thine own prophecy, that Jesus is the rest, wherewith he causeth the weary to rest, and this is the refreshing. It is a terrible ending, but it is the same as upon the same floor Christ set to His teaching--the Gospel net cast wide, but only to draw in both good and bad upon a beach of judgment; the wedding feast thrown open and men compelled to come in, but among them a heart whom grace so great could not awe even to decency; Christ’s Gospel preached, His example evident, and Himself owned as Lord, and nevertheless some whom neither the hearing nor the seeing nor the owning with their lips did lift to unselfishness or stir to pity-. "Perhaps the most enduring lessons from the Book of Isaiah are the reminders that (a) there is a God, (b) He is coming back, and (c) our eternal destiny is determined by our response to Him in this life." Farewell, Isaiah! To put a stop to this abominable practice, Josiah defiled, or desecrated, the place, by filling it with human bones, 2 Kings 23:10, 2 Kings 23:14; and probably it was the custom afterwards to throw out the carcasses of animals there, when it also became the common burying place for the poorer people of Jerusalem. The effect of their ministry in the conversion of the Gentiles would be great. The air was polluted and pestilential; the sight was terrific; and to preserve it in any manner pure, it was necessary to keep fires continually burning there. II. The image in his mind is evidently that of a vast army slain, and left to putrify on the field unburied, and where fires would be kindled in part to consume the heaps of the slain, and in part to save the air from pestilential influences, All the enemies of God and his church would be like such a vast host strewed on the plains, and the perpetuity of his kingdom would be finally established. God gives them up to their own inventions; and woe to that soul which he abandons! Quoted in Mark 9:44. The Hebrew occurs only here. [3.] Geneva Study BibleAnd they shall go forth, and look upon the {k} carcases of the men that have transgressed against me: for their {l} worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorrence {m} to all flesh. He will set up his kingdom in the world, to the great joy of his people, as he did at the first preaching of the Gospel, or as he will do more universally at last, when his name will be spread from pole to pole. For their worm shall not die - This image is evidently taken from the condition of unburied bodies, and especially on a battlefield. Isaiah 66:24. go forth, and look—as the Israelites looked at the carcasses of the Egyptians destroyed at the Red Sea (Exodus 14:30; compare Isaiah 26:14-19; Psalms 58:10; Psalms 49:14; Malachi 4:1-3).. carcasses, etc.— (Isaiah 66:16), those slain by the Lord in the last great battle near Jerusalem (Zechariah 12:2-9; Zechariah 14:2-4); type of the final destruction of all sinners. Marking, however, in the strongest manner, the difference between Gehenna and the invisible place of torment: namely, that in the former, the suffering is transient; the worm itself, that preys on the body, dies: whereas, in the figurative Gehenna, the instruments of punishment shall be everlasting, and the suffering without end; for there the worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched. In that deep and loathsome vale it seems to have been the common expectation of the Jews that some great battle would be fought which would establish the supremacy of their nation over all others. See Exodus 16:20. In which hope, I also, now deeply affected, and prostrate before his throne, give humble thanks to God the Father, and his Son Christ Jesus, through the Spirit, for the grace and light with which he has endowed me, his unworthy servant, in commencing and completing the commentary on this book; entreating, with earnest prayer, of his grace and mercy, that, pardoning those errors into which erroneously I may have fallen, he will employ this work, such as it is, to the glory of his name, the use of the church, and the consolation of his people; and to Him be the glory throughout all ages.'. REFLECTIONS.—1st, The grand delusion of the Jewish people was, the confidence they placed in their outward privileges and ritual services, their temple and sacrifices. 24. I thank God - the source of every right feeling and every holy desire, and the suggester of every plan that will in any way elucidate his word or promote his glory - that he ever inclined my heart to these studies. Image of hell, from bodies left unburied in the valley of Hinnom (whence comes Gehenna, or “hell”), south of Jerusalem, where a perpetual fire was kept to consume the refuse thrown there (Isaiah 30:33). And again, how can corpses be eaten by worms at the same time as they are being burned, or how can they be the endless prey of worms and fire without disappearing altogether from the sight of man? His throne is in the person of Christ. I thank him for the preservation of my life, and the continuance of my health, until I am permitted to bring this work to a close. In that deep and loathsome vale it seems to have been the common expectation of the Jews that some great battle would be fought which would establish the supremacy of their nation over all others. The picture is drawn in figures from the present world — figures from the present life adapted to the realities of the life to come. This place was subsequently regarded as a place of special abomination by the Jews. May God bless this Commentary, and especially its solemn close, to His glory, and to the edification of the writer and the readers of it, for Jesus' sake! after the twenty-first verse repeats the twenty-third: "And it shall come to pass that from one new moon to another, and from one Sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, saith the Lord.". Plin. It is thought, Laertius telleth us, that he travelled into Egypt, where he conversed with some Hebrews, and learned much of them. So the Hebrew word דראון dêrâ'ôn, means. thou hast indeed brought to the birth, and caused to bring forth. Isaiah 66:3 "He that killeth an ox [is as if] he slew a man; he that sacrificeth a lamb, [as if] he cut off … The godly shall then be, in holy abhorrence of sin and jealousy for the vindication of God's justice, entirely of one mind with God (1 Samuel 16:1). (F. Delitzsch, D. 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