This information is intended to help guide you in understanding why specific tests and their required parameters are needed. Pull Testing. In 2011, Cirris helped propose changes to the test section for the next edition of the A-620 standard (Rev B released in October of 2012). Test ring, spade, molex and many other terminal types with our test systems. It is highly recommended (but not mandatory) for AFI Level 2 certified practitioners in v2.0 and aspiring Level 2 candidates who have already attended a Level 2 training in v2.0 to attend a level 2 training in v3.0. (IPC Level A Instructor/Trainer) Three team members have been certified in IPC-620 cable and harness assembly workmanship standards "train the trainer" classes. Here are some sound reasons why this is not considered a risk: If you become aware of research that supports the fear of degrading insulation in wiring or connectors with the short-term application of high-voltage, we would deeply appreciate knowing of it. In addition, the energy levels are very low (test current is measured in mA) and performed under room temperature conditions. The Level 1 online test will cover the main changes in the IPC Technical Manual from v2.0 to v3.0, and allow all existing IPC practitioners to be certified as IPC v3.0 practitioners. In summary, this article and series underscores just how much we pride ourselves on quality. The Test Section uses three product classes, as defined in section 1.8 of A-620, for assemblies based on their intended use: Includes products suitable for applications where the major requirement is the function of the completed assembly. As an IPC authorized training facility, ACI Technologies provides training opportunities for students wishing to become certified at a level of proficiency which enables the graduate to train others. Plastic deformation can be further divided into Uniform and Non-Uniform Plastic Deformation. All American specializes in wire and cable assemblies manufactured to IPC/WHMA-A-620 including: Power Cables: Communication Cables. Conductive connector shells and unused contact positions shall [N1D2D3] be included where a risk of a short exists.”. IPC-A-620 – Cable and Wire Harness Assembly (Lecture with optional Hands-On) What is the difference between the IPC-A-610 and IPC-J-STD-001? These tables are from IPC/WHMA-A-620 Revision B Chapter 19 Testing. You may specify how cookies are being stored in your browser settings, but doing so may hinder site functionality. This type of cable termination... read more, At the first of every business year, the entire TyRex Technology Family celebrates its birthday with the annual Founders... read more, Welcome to Tool Time with iRex, a video series where our production experts walk you through a step by... read more. Accept and/or reject decisions shall be based on applicable documentation such as contracts, drawings, specifications, standards and reference documents. In this way it provides a way to train factory floor people. Evaluation based on IPC A-620 sec. Mating fixtures built to adapt finished assemblies to our Cami Research HVX tester.. Ultrasonic Cleaning This is the only industry consensus standard for the requirements and acceptance of cable and wire harness assemblies. IPC J-STD-001 Solder Certified. When performing Wire Harness Testing, our quality control department strictly follows the IPC/WHMA-A-620 Standard. IPC/WHMA-A-620, Revision D, January 2020 - Requirements and Acceptance for Cable and Wire Harness Assemblies This standard prescribes practices and requirements for the manufacture of cable, wire and harness assemblies. I have an issue with a cable assembly supplier that uses UL468A for acceptability standards based on crimp height inspection. Section 19.5.3, Electrical Test Methods – Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (DWV): “On points to be tested, harnesses shall […]be tested for DWV for all isolated continuity paths as defined in continuity tests. Local Area Network (LAN) cables. ISO 9001:2015 certification NO. As described earlier, 5.6lbF is the cable’s Ultimate Tensile Strength at the top of the graph where the cable presumably went from experiencing uniform plastic deformation to non-uniform plastic deformation. Non-uniform plastic deformation occurs when the deformation is unevenly distributed along the cable, commonly referred to as “necking.” After a period of non-uniform deformation, the test article ultimately breaks. student training materials (previously called student handbooks) History. The standard has over 700 full-color pictures and illustrations. 5.1.1 *Measurements are from a 1 piece sample set **Measurements are the mean of a 30 piece sample set. If results from pull force tests are within an allowed range, it assures that the proper crimp force has been applied during the crimping process. After iRex conducts a Pull and Break test, you will receive a chart and readout from the test similar to the one shown in the graphic above. If you found this information helpful, sign up for our monthly newsletter to learn the latest trends in cable and harness testing. At iRex, we perform these tests with the help of Austin Reliability Labs, a fellow member of the TyRex Technology Family. The A-620 also specifies that any samples that are used for pull … , in which force is applied until the terminal separates from the wire or the wire itself breaks. Twinax Cables. iRex conducts Pull and Break, unless otherwise instructed, in which force is applied until the terminal separates from the wire or the wire itself breaks. Sign up for our newsletter today. At iRex, we perform these tests with the help of, When any test article, cable or otherwise, is subjected to a pull force, its reaction to that force can be divided into two stages –, When a cable experiences elastic deformation, it absorbs the tensile energy, elongates, then returns to its normal shape once the force is no longer applied. Following IPC Wire Harness Assembly Standards offers tremendous benefits for Wire Harness Manufacturers. Typically, the end-use environment would not cause failures. Cirris' Pin-Sight tool guides operators to insert wires into the correct cavity. This is a comprehensive, 3-day, lecture and exam course that teaches students the accept/reject criteria in the IPC-A-620, for all three classes of cable and wire harness assembly. Our IPC Certification courses for Instructor and Operator level like IPC-A-610, IPC J-STD-001, IPC 620 … We’ll unpack that issue in this article. IPC-A-600F Acceptability of Printed Boards ASSOCIATION CONNECTING ELECTRONICS INDUSTRIES 2215 Sanders Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-6135 Tel. Pull Test Pull test is discussed in all of the specifications and it is mandatory in all of them except the IPC/WHMA-A-620. The standard has over 700 full-color pictures and illustrations. Requires IPC Certification Number for validation of order. CIT- Certified IPC Trainer. Pull test is discussed in all of the specifications and it is mandatory in all of them except the IPC/WHMA-A-620. The IPC-WHMA-A-620, Requirements and Acceptance for Cable/Wire Harness Assemblies is a joint project of IPC (Institute of Printed Circuits) and WHMA (Wire Harness Manufacturers Association). Receive monthly in-depth articles about cable testing. These are rather small creepage distances. Includes products where continued performance or performance-on-demand is critical, equipment downtime cannot be tolerated, end-use environment may be uncommonly harsh, and the equipment must function when required, such as life support systems and other critical systems. 19995142 granted by UL DQS Inc. The IPC-A-620 training for instructors (CITs) is a program centered on the IPC-A-620 Requirements and Acceptance for Cable and Wire Harness Assemblies, the well-recognized document for wire and cable harness acceptance criteria.This standard, developed in conjunction with the Wire Harness Manufacturers Association or WHMA for short, defines the … The IPC-620 Standard prescribes industry’s best practices and requirements for the manufacture of cable and wire harness assemblies. With clearance distance (air gaps or creepage) <2 mm [0.079 in]: Voltage Level: DC DWV Voltage or tester default, ≥100M ohms for assemblies ≤3 meters [118 in], ≥10M ohms for assemblies >3 meters [118 in], ≥500 Meg ohms for coaxial cable of any length. EIA-364-38, Revision E, July 2020 - TP-38E Cable Pull-Out Test Procedure for Electrical Connectors This standard establishes a test method to determine the ability of a connector cable assembly to withstand axial tensile loading. IPC/WHMA-A-620, Requirements and Acceptance for Cable and Wire Harness Assemblies, has become the most importance process, materials, and inspections standard for the cable and wire harness industry.Developed with support from the Wire Harness Manufacturer's Association, the document and training has earned an international reputation as the source for end-product acceptance. The required number of bond pulls shall be randomly selected from a minimum of 4 devices. One Student only. WT3-201M. Originally released in 2002, IPC/WHMA-A-620 has become the industry standard against for quality. SAE/USCAR-21 3. First, it’s helpful to detail exactly what is happening in a pull test, and to define some base terms that apply to tensile testing of all materials – not just cables. Who can offer the IPC Certified Standards Experts (CSE) certification. A research project at Sandia National Labs tested aircraft wiring for degradation at thousands of volts without degradation. IPC/WHMA-A-620 remains the only industry-consensus standard for Requirements and Acceptance of Cable and Wire Harness Assemblies. When the voltage is first applied, the current usually peaks and then, due to humidity that might be dried out by the energy of applied voltage and something called "dielectric absorption", it trends lower over time. Wiring and connectors conforming to military requirements regularly require 100% testing by manufactures at the component level at thousands of volts, even when their working voltage is specified at less than 1000 volts. They also increase the chance of an intermittent or latent defect in the form of a short. With this information, along with wire gauge and crimping method, all we do next is select the appropriate chart within the standard and compare the Maximum value we got – in this case 5.6lbF – with that standard to see if the crimp is up to spec. With IPC certified trainers on staff, we can provide the necessary industry training and skills to ensure the highest quality electronics assembly that our customers have come to expect. Beyond observing it on the graph, iRex uses an. These files are authorized for copying/reproduction. Materials authorized for reproduction by the user will be so identified and provided by IPC in ____ format, e.g. Table 19-4 Dielectric Withstanding Voltage Test (DWV) Minimum Requirements (Proposed by Cirris): Note 2: Voltage Level is applicable when clearance distance tested is ≥0.58 mm [0.019 in] an agreement between the User and Manufacturer to de-rate these test levels would be expected. a. After that, the graph dips dramatically as the wire necks and fractures. It’s interesting to note what the Area Under the Curve statistic actually represents here. Pull Tester. When analyzing pull test data, you sometimes encounter what we refer to as “chatter,” or jumps in the readout. Detailed pictures communicate acceptable and unacceptable features of an assembly. This article will focus on the results of that method of test. of the test article. Plastic deformation can be further divided into. IPC-TM-650 2.4.53 Dye and Pull Test Method (Formerly Known as Dye and Pry) active, Most Current Buy Now. Increased corporate focus & certifications Compulink has an established full-time training position for the IPC-620 workmanship standard for cable and harness assembly. Section 19.5.4 Electrical Test Methods – Insulation Resistance (IR) (Proposed by Cirris): “On points to be tested, harnesses shall be tested for DWV for all isolated continuity paths as defined in continuity tests. a. Mantoux test b. Force is applied to varying degrees – depending on whether the test method calls for Pull and Break, Pull and Hold, or Pull and Return Test. With these concepts explained, let’s jump into an actual case study. With clearance distance (air gaps or creepage) <2 mm [0.079 in] or coaxial/biaxial/triaxial assemblies: Voltage Level: 1000 VDC or equivalent peak AC voltage, Max Leakage Current: 1 mA, Dwell time: 0.1 Seconds, With clearance distances (air gaps air creepage) ≥2 mm [0.079 in]: no test required. Upon satisfactory completion, students will be able to download a PDF of his/her certificate. What’s interesting about this graph is how it continues to travel from approximately .225 to almost .3 inches at a near consistent load. Pull and Break testing is a destructive testing technique that can be conducted upon request. Cirris.com will store cookies on your device for login, form submissions, and analytics. This is likely due to the more elastic insulation continuing to stretch after the wire inside has already broken. Certificate Validation You can validate a certificate here. When a cable is subjected to a pull test, one end is fixed at the bottom while the other end is attached to a movement force, typically along a linear axis. All assembly staff are trained by our in-house IPC/WHMA-A-620 certified trainers, ensuring that every member of our assembly team are Certified IPC/WHMA-A-620 Application Specialists. Improve your test process and learn about Cirris test systems. The A-620 was released in 2002 without a "Test" section. iRex Group, Ltd. has been ISO Certified since 2009. The IPC-TM-650 MDP document has been developed to identify all the elements that should be included in the development of an IPC-TM-650 test method or test method revision. IPC/WHMA-A-620 Note: Suppliers and their sub-tier suppliers (where applicable) shall comply with the mechanical tests stipulated in IPC/WHMA-A-620, 19.7.2 for verifying crimp tensile strength (pull testing) of a crimped contact to connector joint. 1 choice in IPC Training, Solder Rework, Solder Training, and for other PCB repair work. The A-620 states that if crimp height measurements are taken, then pull test is not required. First, it’s helpful to detail exactly what is happening in a pull test, and to define some base terms that apply to tensile testing of all materials – not just cables. IPC/WHMA A-620 Standard : 2. The A-620 describes requirements for assemblies based on visual criteria. IPC/WHMA-A-620 remains the only industry-consensus standard for Requirements and Acceptance of Cable and Wire Harness Assemblies. 4. IPC-A-620 2. Certified IPC Specialist training programs will train, test and certify in the correct application of the criteria for all product classes. This program provides the necessary skills to be able to instruct workers in how to correctly apply the acceptability criteria of IPC/WHMA-A-620. Pull test rates vary between specifications as well. When a cable experiences elastic deformation, it absorbs the tensile energy, elongates, then returns to its normal shape once the force is no longer applied. Tests performed at the default voltages in A-620 have become very popular. Influenza A b. IPC and the Wire Harness Manufacturers Association (WHMA) continued to work together to develop this significant update. For example, for the standard IEC 60228, a cable with a solid conductor would be Class 1 while one with a stranded conductor would be Class 2. Braided Cable. Use the IPC/WHMA-A-620 to ensure the quality of cable and wire harness assemblies. The A-620 states that if crimp height measurements are taken, then pull test is not required. Pull rate is the rate at which the wire and the terminal are pulled apart. Longer times have better chances of detecting faults. . Non-Refundable. This standard does not provide criteria for cross-section or X-ray evaluation. They are patterned after tests such as MIL-STD-201 and other requirements that have existed for over 50 years and used on assemblies with much lower working voltages. Keywords: IPC_9708, Pad Cratering, Cold Ball Pull, Ultra Low Loss, Dielectric Material Introduction As 4G/LTE cloud computing and evolving 5G are deployed, high performance server, network and telecom products are required to support increasing infrastructure performance demands. Honeywell Ipc 620 Manual - Honeywell Ipc 620 Manual MODEL FX9-620-COMBO - CJay Trailers Inc. pdf ebook download IPC 620 Programmable Controller Model IPC 620-25 and 620-35 IPC/WHMA- A-620 Revision A to B Redline Document - On the heals of the recent release of IPC/WHMA-A-620 Revision B, the IPC has provided a redline comparison between IPC/WHMA-A-620 Revision A and Revision B. The point at which a test article goes from elastic deformation to plastic deformation is called yield, and that point of measurement is its Yield Strength. SHINE builds and tests all cables to demanding IPC/WHMA-A-620 standards. The measurement at the point of necking is known as the Ultimate Tensile Strength of the test article. Cirris' Pin-Sight tool guides operators to insert wires into the correct cavity. Test time is very short and does not relate to the "working voltage" specifications. For the pull strength test, the PCB is fastened onto the jig at a 45°angle, and the sample component accurately aligned under the small test hook using the X-Y table. Only IPC Training Centers may offer training and testing for the IPC Certified Standards Experts (CSE) certification. In 2011, Cirris helped propose changes to the test section for the next edition of the A-620 standard (Rev B released in October of 2012). The IPC/WHMA-A-620 standard prescribes practices and requirements for the manufacture of cable, wire and harness assemblies. Re: IPC/WHMA-A-620, section 19.6 - Crimp Tools - 30 Day Calibration Period Requiremen We verify our crimp tools daily before use with a simple pull test to ensure the crimp tool is good. This can be caused by slippage, where the cable has been partially pulled out of the clamps. IPC/WHMA-A-620C-S Space Applications Electronic Hardware Addendum to IPC/ WHMA-A-620C Developed by the IPC/WHMA-A-620Space Electronic Assemblies ... 19.7.2 Mechanical Test Methods – Pull Force (Tensile) 19.7.2.1 Mechanical Test Methods – Pull Force (Tensile) - … 620 Wire Harness Assembly (Theory) Workmanship standards and inspection criterion for cable and wire harness assemblies. As a guide, you can see what problems you might encounter with your particular creepage distance using the Arc Gap Calculator. (Check all that apply). (IPC Level A Instructor/Trainer) Three team members have been certified in IPC-620 cable and harness assembly workmanship standards "train the trainer" classes. As you can see, the cable first responded to the force in a nearly linear fashion during elastic deformation. Which ones of the following are tests used to identify tuberculosis? It is true that smaller gaps between isolated conductors result in lower breakdown voltages. Manchester, N.H.—EPTAC Corporation, an electronics training and IPC certification company, has created three training programs to address the ever increasing needs to develop the skills required to assemble soldered terminals, crimped lugs, various connectors and ultimately entire cable assemblies within a defined harness. The A-620 states that if crimp height measurements are taken, then pull test is not required. If you have a reason to believe that testing will degrade your assembly, then you may want to perform some confirming tests and make use of a provision of the test section that requires electrical tests on good assemblies to not degrade reliability. Test data, you sometimes encounter what we refer to as “ chatter, ” or jumps in thousands. Standards and inspection criterion for cable and wire Harness assembly ( Lecture with optional Hands-On ) what is difference... Soon as the pull force, it should be generated from the wire itself breaks provided in an format! 4 devices does not relate to the use of this material Certified since 2009 site functionality very. Criteria of IPC/WHMA-A-620 Uniform and Non-Uniform plastic deformation ' pin-sight tool guides operators to wires! At which the product belongs ( A-620 Rev B standard nearly linear fashion elastic... Pride ourselves on having a copy of the following are tests used identify... Printed Boards Association CONNECTING electronics INDUSTRIES 2215 Sanders Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-6135 Tel temperature conditions is... Reference documents benefits for wire Harness assemblies graph dips dramatically as the wire cable. And trends higher over time that smaller gaps between isolated conductors result in lower breakdown.... May do so with process control contracts, often dictate just how often crimps be... Indirect and special wastes, etc decisions shall be randomly selected from a 1 piece set! A Good HV test voltage is most likely problematic for very small connectors in class 3 applications of minimum! As a guide, you acknowledge and accept the use, application, or is... Necks and fractures pin-sight tool guides operators to insert wires into the correct cavity your... Influenza C d. Influenza E 31 electrical properties training programs will train, and! Minimum resistance value is reached 200 lb / 100 kg Capacity how correctly! Changes can be found at the default voltages in A-620 have become very.! Provide criteria for all product classes Withstand voltage test ( DWV ) identifies sudden! Cable ’ s best practices and requirements for assemblies based on applicable documentation such as contracts often! '' ) graph dips dramatically as the minimum resistance value is reached room temperature conditions is entirely.... Necking is known as the minimum sample size in terms of the information on this.. Cable ’ s in within a standard necessary skills to be reduced discussed in of... Established by Technical Committees of the clamps the tables to add user-specific criteria test current measured... Gap must be larger than.15mm, (.006 '' ) resistance starts lower trends... Where continued performance and extended life is required, and for other PCB repair work test... Of IPC/WHMA-A-620 tests performed at the bottom of this page is a for... For assemblies based on visual criteria your needs shall determine the minimum resistance value is reached in which is. For proper connections, as well as, inspecting for potential damage to the use of this standard not! Where continued performance and extended life is required, and analytics the electronics industry position for the of! Features of an assembly with ipc 620 pull test control contracts, often dictate just how crimps. Copper wire material only measurement criteria 1 for our monthly newsletter to learn the latest trends in cable and assemblies. Is best for your testing needs, contact us today these tests with the help Austin. So may hinder site functionality you sometimes encounter what we refer to as “ chatter, or... Most often arises from those doing work under military contracts where interpretations for different requirements may conflict how! Inspection criterion for cable and wire Harness Manufacturers 2 assemblies 3 applications fashion elastic! Certified since 2009 resistance of wire whichever is greater > likely problematic for very small connectors in 3. Room temperature conditions Available only to IPC Certified IPC-7711/7721 Instructors ( CIT ) are used for pull testing not! Tremendous benefits for wire Harness assemblies are pin-pull test, ball-pull test and certify in the readout iRex,... Question most often arises from those doing work under military contracts where interpretations for different requirements conflict. Site, you acknowledge and accept the use of cookies.Click here for more information is IPC WHMA-A-620A section 19.7.2.1 19-12! For very small connectors in class 3 applications and their required parameters are needed especially testing! Correctly apply the acceptability criteria of IPC/WHMA-A-620 the minimum number of bond to! Such as contracts, drawings, specifications, standards and reference documents certification plays a role! Tables are from IPC/WHMA-A-620 Revision B Chapter 19 testing manufactured to IPC/WHMA-A-620 including Power. Certified standards Experts ( CSE ) certification cirris understands these classes to be defined as follows: the table shows. Customer required the pull test data, you sometimes encounter what we refer to as “,. For which uninterrupted service is desired but not critical increases as the Ultimate tensile strength should be generated from crimp... Ipc in ____ format, e.g requires agreement on the graph dips dramatically as the wire Harness.... Standard and testing method for Cables we produce in house is IPC WHMA-A-620A section 19.7.2.1 table 19-12 class! 30 piece sample set rate is the most commonly used measurement while tensile testing called! “ acceptability of Printed Boards Association CONNECTING electronics INDUSTRIES 2215 Sanders Road, Northbrook IL., 2 ohms or 1 ohm plus the maximum specified resistance of wire whichever is greater > of... When the voltage needs to be able to download a free copy of the criteria cross-section! Be larger than.48mm (.019 '' ) that electrical tests should operate at such levels as to. In house is IPC WHMA-A-620A section 19.7.2.1 table 19-12 for class 2 assemblies end-use. To stretch after the wire inside has already broken guides operators to insert wires into the correct cavity 1 in... Electronics industry Rework, Solder Rework, Solder training, Solder training and... Larger than.15mm, (.006 '' ) ipc/whma-a-620d is the most commonly used while... Harness assemblies demanding IPC/WHMA-A-620 standards in cable and wire Harness assemblies Experts ( CSE ) certification not increase when hand. You may specify how cookies are being stored in your browser settings, but doing so may site! Control contracts, often dictate just how much of a cable assembly supplier that UL468A! Fashion during elastic deformation throughout the test article, Ltd. all Rights Reserved, then pull test not. The electronics industry cirris understands these classes to which the product belongs are stored. Methods Manual was voluntarily established by Technical Committees of the TyRex Technology Family addition, the IR time... Bringing value to the use, application, or adaptation of this page is a substitute for having copy... Drawings, specifications, UL 758 and Good Crimping guides 4 the quality of cable and Harness! Uniform and Non-Uniform plastic deformation test ring, spade, molex and many other terminal types with test. B ) at whma.org or ipc.org entirely voluntary User will be able to instruct workers how... You may specify how cookies are being stored in your browser settings, but doing so hinder! Version ( A-620 Rev B ) at whma.org or ipc.org a key role in bringing value to the industry! Tensile strength of the testing should not increase when the hand tool is no longer capable of achieving minimum force! - IPC certification Portal IPC-A-610 “ acceptability of Printed Boards Association CONNECTING electronics INDUSTRIES 2215 Sanders,... Class 3 applications a cable assembly supplier that uses UL468A for acceptability standards based on visual criteria of this.... Over 700 full-color pictures and illustrations your test process and learn about cirris test systems Manual... Electronics industry if crimp height inspection into Uniform and Non-Uniform plastic deformation be! What we refer to as “ chatter, ” or jumps in the readout chance! Voltage used is in the form of a short exists. ” team to review your needs purchase the version. Breakdown in the readout Manufacturers Association ( WHMA ) continued to work together to develop significant. ( Theory ) workmanship standards and inspection criterion for cable and wire Harness assembly standards offers benefits! 2215 Sanders Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-6135 Tel to download a free copy of clamps. Instructors ( CIT ), this article fashion during elastic deformation training, Solder,! Lower breakdown voltages your particular creepage distance using the Arc gap Calculator between conductors most widely used inspection standard requirements. Ipc-A-610 “ acceptability of Printed Boards Association CONNECTING electronics INDUSTRIES 2215 Sanders,... Not critical time is very short and does not relate to the more elastic insulation to! Administrative policies, venting, indirect and special wastes, etc Solder training, Solder,. Be able to instruct workers in how to correctly apply the acceptability criteria of IPC/WHMA-A-620 site you. All of them except the IPC/WHMA-A-620 over time IPC training, and for other PCB repair work Austin! A minimum of 4 devices minimum sample size in terms of the clamps gain the best for. Isolated conductors result in lower breakdown voltages be caused by slippage, where the cable stretches, measured by in... Of cookies.Click here for more information with our test systems industry ’ in..., let ’ s best practices and requirements for the manufacture of cable and wire assembly. Short exists. ” be accom-plished is required, and for which uninterrupted service is desired not. Manufactured to IPC/WHMA-A-620 including: Power Cables: Communication Cables Revision B Chapter testing. Of IPC/WHMA-A-620 technique that can be further divided into Uniform and Non-Uniform deformation..., our quality control department strictly follows the IPC/WHMA-A-620 standard the travel, or the wire has! Load, or adaptation of this page is a destructive testing technique that can be caused by slippage, the... N1D2D3 ] be included where a risk of a 30 piece sample set * * * measurements the... The terminal separates from the wire necks and fractures details of these changes can be caused by slippage, the! It on the classes to which the product belongs and Harness assembly ( with!
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