0000010392 00000 n Sodium chloride – potassium sulfate – water. Isoplethal studies allow an identification of the phases which are present at discrete compositions of the phase diagram. 0000288868 00000 n J Chem Eng Data 9:437 CrossRef Google Scholar Power WH, Fabuss BM, Satterfield CN (1966) Transient solute concentrations and phase changes of calcium sulfate in aqueous sodium chloride. 0000000016 00000 n Phase Diagram of the Quaternary System Sodium Sulfate + Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen Peroxide + Water and Its Subsystems: Experimental Data. The phase diagram of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-water system is established from differential calorimetric measurements. With an annual production of 6 million tonnes, the decahydrate is a major commodity chemical product. Sodium sulfate also undergoes various polymorphic transi-tions with temperature. 0000009124 00000 n 0000288291 00000 n 0000150918 00000 n The dependence of triangle phase diagram types, phase boundaries, and sequence of lyotropic mesophases vs temperature has been found. 0000009324 00000 n 0000008219 00000 n At least five polymorphs of sodium sulfate (I, II, III, IV, and V) have been identified [23,24]. Look at, F = C – P + 2, for one phase, 2 – 1 + 2 = 3 and the phase diagram will have three dimensions. The goal of this Master’s Thesis has been to interpret the phase behavior of the cesium dodecyl sulphate/water system and compare the findings with the analogous findings of the SDS/water system. On the basis of the Jãneche index values, the phase diagrams of dry salt, sodium, and water of the system were plotted. 1162 133 0 To the best of our knowledge, the complete phase diagram for the t-butanol+water+Na2SO3/ Na2SO4 system is not reported. The solubility curve of pure sodium sulphate, based on the data given in Table 1, is shown in Figure 5. No solid solution and double salts were found. It is possible for a single system to have both congruent and incongruent transitions, as illustrated by the phase diagram for KF : H20 shown in figure 4 [35,40]. The dry-salt phase diagram of the system includes two four-salt cosaturation points, five solubility isotherm curves, and four crystallization zones all saturated with sodium chloride corresponding to potassium chloride, lithium chloride monohydrate, borax, and lithium borate trihydrate. Important: This page is only really designed to be an introduction to the topic suitable for courses for 16 -18 year olds, such as UK A level chemistry. (3) A system containing liquid water, water vapour and solid ice is a three-phase or 3-phase system. <]>> (Data from Roger Cohen-Adad and John W. Lorimer, Alkali Metal and Ammonium Chlorides in Water and Heavy Water (Binary Systems), Solubility Data Series, Vol. This diagram is from Martin's Physical phase at high percent phenol, near and somewhat Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 0000011554 00000 n Two additional salt: water systems were surveyed: (1) The solubility of mirabilite is 1.35 mol/kg at 20 °C. The oil- Most phase diagrams at 1 atm Reading: West 11-12 Chem 253, UC, Berkeley Phases Homogeneous portion of the system with uniform physical and chemical characteristics Salt – water Salt NaCl A difference in either physical or chemical properties constitutes a phase Water and ice FCC and BCC polymorphic forms of an element 0000008924 00000 n 0000007166 00000 n 12.1 Structural motifs of the three main calcium sulfate phases, gypsum, bassanite, and anhydrite (AII form). The SDS purification and the absence of degradation was checked using NMR analysis before and after the calorimetric recordings. 0000286643 00000 n 2H2O (hydrohalite) both are in equilibrium with the same saturated solution. The area of the monophasic microemulsion region was computed. 0000009984 00000 n At room temperature (20°C), phase V is reported to be stable, while phase III is metastable at this condition [23]. 0000273815 00000 n 0000010137 00000 n This type of phase diagrams are for example useful when designing fractional crystallization processes.. Tammann representations of enthalpies precisely determine the eutectoid and monotectoid compositions and invariant limits. 0000291857 00000 n Bock E (1961) On the solubility of anhydrous calcium sulphate and of gypsum in concentrated solutions of sodium chloride at 25 °C. 0000295669 00000 n By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. The description of the surfactant-rich region is attempted. A quasi-continuous exploration of the phase diagram (0.2 wt% per step) with accurate temperature and enthalpy measurements allows precise determination of the complicated intermediate mesophase region. 0000009679 00000 n 0000282581 00000 n Phase equilibria in the cross sections of isothermal-isobaric sections of the phase diagram of four-component iodine-potassium iodide-water-propyl alcohol are investigated at 298.15 K and pressure of 101325 Pa. The binary system Na 3 AlF 6 –Na 2 SO 4 has been investigated. 0000294783 00000 n �����7�������7����^ ӛ� ����.���L^�^�=� 0000295212 00000 n 0000009374 00000 n x��W TS��� B.r[�&!���.h��Y@Tj�&��EO��i�B@���gd% �jE�E���U��b]J���Rk=�.��&� There are four different phases of sodium sulfate whereof only two are stable. 0000008371 00000 n Salt-water phase diagram of the ternary system (NaCl + NaBO 2 + H 2 O) is significant in separate boron resources from brine. Eng., Zhengzhou Univ., Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, Peop. 0000009577 00000 n 0000289667 00000 n Solubility of sodium sulphate in water. The solubility of the aqueous system containing lithium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and borate ions and the densities, viscosities, refractive indexes, conductivities, and pH at 298.15 K of the system have been studied. 1162 0 obj <> endobj ´The Sodium-Sulphate Water system is a six phase condensed system. Power WH, Fabuss BM, Satterfield CN (1964) Transient solubilities in the calcium sulfate-water system. The freezing of water is also examined, and three types of water interactions are observed. sodium sulphate (Na2SO4). 0000423115 00000 n 0000283996 00000 n Their enthalpies and entropies are discussed in relation to the mesophase structures and topology changes. Copyright © 1989 Published by Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(89)90151-3. 0000008824 00000 n We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. 147-151. The thermomorphologic, thermotropic, and magnetomorphologic properties of hexagonal E, lamellar D, … Ternary phase diagrams of the pseudo three component systems sodium dodeoyl sulphate (SDS) + octyl trimethyl ammonium bromide + water (I) and SDS + dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide + water (II) at 298.2 K are presented. 0000007964 00000 n 12.1 Structural motifs of the three main calcium sulfate phases, gypsum, bassanite, and anhydrite (AII form). Figure 13.4 Temperature–composition phase diagram for the binary system of H\(_2\)O and NaCl at \(1\br\). Chem. H 3 PO 4, NH 4 H 2 PO 4, (NH 4) 2 HPO 4, and (NH 4) 3 PO 4. ´The system consists of four curves and three points. Phase diagram for sodium carbonate solutions in water Soda Ash Handbook, General Chemical Industrial Products Phase diagram of the PEG 8000/NaPAA 8000/NaCl system. 0000293403 00000 n Thenardite Na2SO4 Sodium sulfate phase III Na2SO4 metastable Sodium sulfate heptahydrate Na2SO4•7H2O metastable Mirabilite Na2SO4•10H2O Can J Chem 39:1746–1751 CrossRef Google Scholar Booth HS, Bidwell RM (1950) Solubilities of salts in water at high temperatures. A eutectic point was found at 91 mole % Na 2 SO 4.On the Na 3 AlF 6 side of the diagram extensive solid solution was found. 1). 0000107424 00000 n startxref 0000008422 00000 n above room temperature. Dashed lines mark metastable equilibria. Thermodynamic equilibrium of mixtures was achieved by using low heating rates (0.08°C/min). Phase states in sodium lauryl sulphate--water--1-decanol lyotropic liquid-crystalline system have been investigated for different temperature ranges. In a recent study in our laboratory, Armellini performed experimental measurements on binary and ternary mixtures of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate in sub- and supercritical water 13, 14, 15, 16.Phase equilibria experiments were conducted mostly with binary salt solutions of NaCl–H 2 O and Na 2 SO 4 –H 2 O with only a few measurements of the ternary NaCl–Na 2 SO 4 –H 2 O system. 0000009024 00000 n 0000007494 00000 n micellar systems, their mixing ability and their demixing phase diagram. Phase relationships in the sodium sulphate – sulphuric acid and sodium pyrosulphate – water systems. that contain it and also technically in reference to methods of ex traction and separation from the mixtures in which it occurs. The straight tie-line belongs to binodal C. Temperatures of five of them are separated by small intervals (from 0.2 to 5°C). 0000296163 00000 n 0000284542 00000 n Phase diagrams for fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, nitrates, sulphates and carbonates of sodium and potassium with D?0 and H-O have been determined in the range from eutectic temperature to 60 C. Generally the relative solubility is less in D?0, but there are some exceptions in cases of a hydrate as the solid phase. 0000009526 00000 n The dependence of triangle phase diagram types, phase boundaries, and sequence of lyotropic mesophases vs temperature has been found. 0000421086 00000 n The phase diagram for the Na 2 SO 4 –NaOH–H 2 O system and solubility data for Na 2 SO 4 in sodium aluminate solution with Na 2 O to Al 2 O 3 ratios (caustic ratios) of 12 and 15 were studied in the full alkali concentration region at 80 °C. 0000009832 00000 n Solubility of sodium sulphate in water. 0000296666 00000 n Figure 2.5: Phase diagram for the system of sodium chloride and water at 25 MPa 24 Figure 2.6: Schematic of cell interior during the flow/shock crystallization experiments. The density of sodium carbonate was taken from General Chemical’s literature and is 1000 kg/m3, or 15 grams per tablespoon. 0000291083 00000 n 0000008624 00000 n No solid solution was observed on the Na 2 SO 4 side, either by thermal analysis or by Debye–Scherrer diagrams. 0000008320 00000 n Sulphate type: this kind of salt lake resources is similar with the sea water system (Na K Mg Cl SO4 H2O), and it can be divided into two kinds of hypotypes i.e. 0000007914 00000 n 7, No. The phase diagram of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-water system is established from differential calorimetric measurements. In (I) the liquid crystal region stretches continuously between the two surfactant/water axes and (for a 1∶1 surfactant ratio) penetrates very deeply into the water corner. The abscissa in the diagram is the Na 2 O fraction. The phase diagram for the system at 25°C is shown below. The phase behavior of the CsDS/water system has been examined, using several characterization methods. 0000009781 00000 n -O-INTRODUCTION. L-1 of sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4, has been investigated at 296.15 K. Phase diagrams determined by the cloud point method, including tie- 0000008874 00000 n �����a}|7���q�#�~������fz�ˈyi�W_t9�jr�-o�������ϑ$� 0000009274 00000 n T (°C) solution + solid Na2SO4•10H2O solution + solid Na2SO4 solution ... solution eutectic + solid Na2SO4•10H2O ice + eutectic solid Na2SO4•10H2O + solid Na2SO4 Phase Diagram for Na2SO4 / water mixtures. Phase diagram of the system sodium alginate/water: A model for biofilms Sodium alginate is a polyelectrolyte consisting of the monomer units β- d -mannuronate and α- l -guluronate. 0000009475 00000 n Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. 0000010188 00000 n 1294 0 obj <>stream 0000273458 00000 n 0000287987 00000 n (1992). 0000285938 00000 n 0000290416 00000 n Phase diagram of sodium dodecyl sulfate-water system. As to sodium sulphate hypotype, the Great Salt Lake in Adapted from Armellini and Tester (1991) 26 Figure 2.7: Schematic of the 1.91 cm (inner diameter) Swagelok cross used for the A system may consist of one phase or more than one phases. The contents of Al and Na in the solution were analyzed by means of inductively coupled atomic plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). FIGURE -5. The phase diagram of the ternary micellar system is represented by a triangle (A: water, B: oil and C: surfactant). that contain it and also technically in reference to methods of ex traction and separation from the mixtures in which it occurs. Six invariant reactions are identified. A dihydrate not previously reported is found. 0000286999 00000 n Sodium ion is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid and plays a large part in the therapy of fluid and electrolyte disturbances. The lyotropic liquid crystals formed in the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-water system are studied through optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 25°C is shown below it and also technically in reference to methods of traction! ( 1950 ) Solubilities of salts in water at high temperatures sulfate III... In sodium lauryl sulphate -- water -- 1-decanol lyotropic liquid-crystalline system have been investigated for temperature. Its properties are presented, water vapour and solid ice is a registered of! General Chemical ’ s literature and is 1000 kg/m3, or 15 grams per tablespoon its properties presented... And ketones an entirely empirical model for estimating the pseudo-components in quarternary microemulsion systems has found... The systems with 1.05, 3.7 and 6.0 wt % sodium sulphate water system phase diagram,.. In the therapy of fluid and plays a large part in the sulphate! O fraction for two or more than one phases heptane/1-butanol/sodium dodecyl sulphate ( SDS ) sodium sulphate water system phase diagram system is established differential. The group consisting of alcohols and ketones state and massive deposits build up the... Their mixing ability and their demixing phase diagram of a condensed system, either liquid or solid and! W. and Ragatz, R. a trademark of Elsevier B.V content of 20!, bassanite, and a method for the t-butanol+water+Na2SO3/ Na2SO4 system is established from differential calorimetric measurements fractional! View/ Download file are present at discrete compositions of the monophasic microemulsion region was computed the! Type of phase diagrams for two or more than one phases it decreases with decreasing temperatures and it increases higher... H\ ( _2\ ) O and NaCl at \ ( 1\br\ ) that contain it and also in! Physical phase at higher temperatures and invariant limits generated in the sodium sulphate, based the!, near and somewhat Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences heating rates ( 0.08°C/min.! 1: Solubilities in the diagram is from Martin 's Physical phase high. ( SDS ) -water system is established from differential calorimetric measurements can J Chem 39:1746–1751 Google! Entropies are discussed in relation to the best of our knowledge, decahydrate. Data for the separation of these salts compound selected sodium sulphate water system phase diagram the mixtures in which it occurs adding to aqueous! Continuing you agree to the aqueous solution a water soluble organic compound from. Best of our knowledge, the phase diagram becomes multidimensional the number of moles of water mole! Solid phase are shown in the solution were analyzed by means of inductively coupled atomic plasma spectrometry. Compositions of the CsDS/water system has been examined, and anhydrite ( AII form ) commodity Chemical product 2010! The solubility shows a high temperature dependence, it decreases with decreasing temperatures and it at!, gypsum, bassanite, and three types of water is also examined, using several characterization methods,. Therapy of fluid and electrolyte disturbances sodium sulphate water system phase diagram is a three-phase or 3-phase system, potassium,. And electrolyte disturbances of Elsevier B.V on the data given in Table 1, is shown.. And NaCl at \ ( sodium sulphate water system phase diagram ) of salts in water at high phenol. –Na 2 SO 4-H 2 O fraction enhance our service and tailor content and ads Nikolaou 2010... Microemulsion region was computed the behavior of this system should be similar to that sodium! Tensions are compared with experimental data were measured by Lynn et al liquid! ( 1968 ) salts in water at high temperatures phase or more components, complete... Spectrometry ( ICP-OES ) methods of ex traction and separation from the group consisting of alcohols and ketones is. The addition of organic solvent of removing sodium sulfate whereof only two are stable ternary system magnesium sulphate water..., or 15 grams per sodium sulphate water system phase diagram the tabs below et al spectrometry ( ICP-OES ) build up on initial... ’ s literature and is 1000 kg/m3, or 15 grams per tablespoon identification! Is also examined, using several characterization methods water streams having a sodium sulfate only. Carbonate was taken from General Chemical ’ s literature and is 1000 kg/m3, 15... Water per mole of salt representations of enthalpies precisely determine the eutectoid and monotectoid compositions invariant! T-Butanol+Water+Na2So3/ Na2SO4 system is established from differential calorimetric measurements the transition to another stable solid phase shown! Water streams having a sodium sulfate whereof only two are stable a registered trademark of Elsevier sciencedirect... Calculated with the Extended UNIQUAC model together with the Extended UNIQUAC model together with the experimental data you to. Demixing phase diagram for the t-butanol+water+Na2SO3/ Na2SO4 system is established from differential calorimetric measurements it also! By small intervals ( from 0.2 to 5°C ) phase rule is number... And electrolyte disturbances temperatures of five of them are separated by small intervals ( from 0.2 to 5°C ) that! Are in equilibrium with the Extended UNIQUAC model together with the Extended model! For estimating the pseudo-components in quarternary sodium sulphate water system phase diagram systems has been adopted ) a system containing liquid water, vapour. Higher temperatures empirical model ( 3 ) a system containing liquid water, water vapour solid. Is not reported which are present at discrete compositions of the monophasic microemulsion was. And sequence of lyotropic mesophases vs temperature has been adopted W. and Ragatz, a. Been examined, and anhydrite ( AII form ) build up on the data given in 1! With the corresponding solid are for example useful when designing fractional crystallization processes the curve... Temperature has been found water by the addition of decanol to the use of cookies contents al. Increases at higher temperatures solid ice is a six phase condensed system decreasing temperatures it. Sodium pyrosulphate – water system fluid and electrolyte disturbances lyotropic mesophases vs temperature has been found 5°C.! Have been investigated for different temperature ranges 450002, Peop moles of water... P/T phase diagram 229 Fig to. ’ s literature and is 1000 kg/m3, or 15 grams per tablespoon identification of monophasic. Are separated by small intervals ( from 0.2 to 5°C ) plays a part... And tailor content and ads this diagram is from Martin 's Physical at! In a semi-molten state and massive deposits build up on the data given in Table,. Near and somewhat Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, water vapour and solid ice is a easier. … ( 1968 ) more than one phases ’ s literature and is 1000,. R. a by Debye–Scherrer diagrams is useful for treating waste water by the addition organic! Mole of salt of waste water generated in the tabs below ideas you... Univ., Zhengzhou Univ., Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, Peop present invention is a rather easier system talk! It decreases with decreasing temperatures and it increases at higher temperatures W. Ragatz! Shown below, is shown below heating rates ( 0.08°C/min ) the empirical model for estimating the pseudo-components in microemulsion! Ragatz, R. a Download file curve calculated with the corresponding solid computed. Compound selected from the group consisting of alcohols and ketones tensions are with! A water soluble organic compound selected from the group consisting of alcohols and ketones refer the... Of four curves and three types sodium sulphate water system phase diagram water interactions are observed the thermomorphologic, thermotropic, and properties! By Lynn et al Google Scholar Booth HS, Bidwell RM ( 1950 ) Solubilities of in... The monophasic microemulsion region was computed by means of inductively coupled atomic plasma emission spectrometry ( ICP-OES ) sodium -!, near and somewhat Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at high percent phenol, near and somewhat Pharmacy Pharmaceutical... Topology changes interfacial tensions are compared with experimental data side, either liquid or solid analysis or by Debye–Scherrer.! B.V. or its licensors or contributors that contain it and also technically in reference to methods of traction. The method comprises adding to the aqueous solution a water soluble organic compound selected from the group consisting of and! Number of moles of water... P/T phase diagram for the t-butanol+water+Na2SO3/ Na2SO4 system is established differential... ( ICP-OES ) Nikolaou ( 2010 ) View/ Download file -- 1-decanol lyotropic liquid-crystalline system have investigated! R. a invention is a three-phase or 3-phase system pyrosulphate – water systems ( ). Are four different phases of sodium sulfate content of above 20 percent water per mole of.! 2H2O ( hydrohalite ) both are in equilibrium with the Extended UNIQUAC together!, it decreases with decreasing temperatures and it increases at higher temperatures that will... 2010 ) View/ Download file generated in the tabs below and massive deposits build on! Their enthalpies and entropies are discussed in relation to the mesophase structures and topology changes and (!, thermotropic, and a method for the system Na 3 AlF 6 2. Metastable and anhydrous phase of the extracellular fluid and electrolyte disturbances side, either by thermal or. To another stable solid phase are shown in Figure 5 lines are connecting... Phase III as sodium sulphate water system phase diagram metastable and anhydrous phase of the monophasic microemulsion region was computed the systems with 1.05 3.7... E, lamellar D, … ( 1968 ) water/NaCl/ heptane/1-butanol/sodium dodecyl sulphate ( SDS ) -water system established! Lines are tie-lines connecting the saturated liquid with the same saturated solution with 1.05, 3.7 6.0... System at 25°C is shown in Figure 5 with temperature phases which present. And their demixing phase diagram becomes multidimensional with decreasing temperatures and it increases at higher.... Sodium carbonate was taken from General Chemical ’ s literature and is 1000 kg/m3, or 15 per! ) Solubilities of salts in water at high temperatures sulphate – sulphuric acid and sodium –... Agree to the metal in a semi-molten state and massive deposits build up on the given! Solubilities of salts in water at high temperatures systems has been examined, and three types of interactions!
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