Without evidence about the psychometric characteristics of the instrument, the application of the original subscales scoring for adults to adolescents may result in misleading conclusions. An Alternative Procedure for Assessing Convergent and Discriminant Validity @article{Lehmann1988AnAP, title={An Alternative Procedure for Assessing Convergent and Discriminant Validity}, author={D. Lehmann}, journal={Applied Psychological Measurement}, year={1988}, volume={12}, pages={411 - 423} } These three factors were also allowed to correlate. %PDF-1.6 %���� The original English version [5] and its Vietnamese validated version [22] are described in S1 File. Lifestyle issues including physical activity, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, and self-reported stress have all been shown to predispose people to higher risk of cardiovascular disease. To assess the internal consistency, latent structure and convergent validity of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) among adolescents in Vietnam. The schools and centres were not randomly selected. It might have been that the shared component among these three factors may not be large enough to represent the variances among them and to be retrieved as a second-order factor. Tran et al [22] administered the DASS-21-V among a sample of rural Vietnamese women during the perinatal period and concluded that the data supported a one-”Emotional-State”-factor model. The factor loading of item 17 on the General Distress factor in this model was very low (4.2 x 10−5); this loading was then removed in the next model (3F-model 5). broad scope, and wide readership – a perfect fit for your research every time. Thus, a researcher interested in “rumination” as a … The Vietnamese translation of item 1 (‘hard to wind down’) was not able to capture the original English meaning of the item, but instead, was read as “hard to control oneself”. 86, pp. Objectives To assess the internal consistency, latent structure and convergent validity of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) among adolescents in Vietnam. JF is supported by a Monash Professorial Fellowship and the Jean Hailes Professorial Fellowship, which receives funding from the L and H Hecht Trust managed by Perpetual Trustees. Participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, including age, sex, ethnicity, residential area and school type were assessed using study-specific questions. The same three-factor structure has been seen when the measure is used among diverse cultural and ethnic groups [12,13]. The General Distress, Depression, Anxiety and Stress factors correlated strongest with the general health, anxiety, depression and mental health domains of the ADHP-V. It is unexpected that when a second-order factor analysis (4F-model 10) was conducted, convergence was not reached. In this study, convergent validity of the DASS-21-V among Vietnamese adolescents was also confirmed. The study shows the overall convergent validity of IPAQ within each PA category. Students’ consent to participate was implied by their completion of the questionnaire. This is the capital city of Vietnam with a population of 6.9 million people [25] and inclusion of urban as well as rural districts. This result again suggests that among these Vietnamese adolescents, the conventional DASS-21 factors of Depression, Anxiety and Stress did not perform in the same way as they do among adults. Researchers are encouraged … The three factors were allowed to correlate in this model. Students and their legal guardians received information packages about the study several days before the administration of the survey. While improvements were seen in the chi-square statistic, the RMSEA and the AIC compared to the first model, overall there was still not a satisfactory fit. However, when we applied this model in our sample (3F-model 8) the model estimation procedure failed to converge. Four to six classes were randomly selected from each school or centre and all students in these classes were invited to participate. Divergent validity helps to establish construct validity by demonstrating that the construct you are interested in (e.g., … Various confirmatory factor analyses using the best-fit model, in which factor loadings and/or intercepts were free and then constrained, were also performed separately for girls and boys, and the models compared to assess factorial invariance. The scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach α: 0.761 to 0.906). endstream endobj startxref These items were loaded primarily on the common General Distress factor. To establish convergent validity, you need to show that measures that should be related are in reality related. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180557. Results from the principal factor analyses conducted separately for girls and boys revealed four factors in both groups (see Table 5), which indicated configurational invariance. Cronbach alpha statistics were calculated for the overall scale and the three subscales to assess reliability in terms of internal consistency. TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION EDUCATION (TIE) MODEL . For all other items, the loadings were very small and even negative (item 8 –using a lot of nervous energy). There were strong correlations between the three factors (standardised correlation coefficients between the DASS-21-D and DASS-21-A was 0.86; between the DASS-21-D and DASS-21-S 0.89 and between the DASS-21-A and DASS-21-S 0.93), suggesting indistinguishability of these factors. Cronbach alphas and correlation coefficients between DASS-21 factor scores and the domain scores of the Duke Health Profile Adolescent Vietnamese validated version (ADHP-V) were calculated to assess DASS-21 internal consistency and convergent validity. Similar problems were identified with the translation of item 18 (‘rather touchy’). Socio-demographic characteristics of the analysis sample are presented in Table 1. Differences in the participants’ age between our sample (15–18) and the other samples (11–18) may explain these results. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods Volume 14|Issue 1 Article 11 5-1-2015 Convergent and Discriminant Validity with Formative Measurement: A Mediator Perspective Xuequn Wang Murdoch University, Perth, AUS, xuequnwang1600@gmail.com Brian F. French Washington State University, frenchb@wsu.edu We hypothesised that the factor scores of the DASS-21-V would show negative correlations with the ADHP-V domain scores and the largest correlations would be with the mental health domains (including mental health, anxiety and depression). Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy: Vol. However, the internal consistency reliability of the scale was acceptable to high, with a Cronbach Alpha of 0.72 for the Depression, 0.77 for the Anxiety, 0.70 for the Stress subscale and 0.88 for the overall scale. 3, pp. Assessing the factor structure of the DASS-21 among Malaysian adolescents aged 13–14 years, Hashim et al [21] found similar results to Patrick et al’s Australian study [17] which supported a one-Negative-Affect-factor solution. Analyses of data among adults using this measure yield consistent results about its psychometric properties [4–7]. Method: The cross-sectional study recruited patients from three regional community nursing teams in the South East of England. Results Cronbach’s alpha values for both instruments’ total scale scores were greater than .7. Future research examining similarities or differences in terms of factor loadings and intercepts of the DASS-21-V between the two sexes is thus needed. FIGURE 1 . Rory Wolfe, These findings again replicated Szabo’s observation that the DASS-21 items used to assess “Tension/ Stress” among adults may not be adequate to enable assessment of this construct among adolescents or that adolescents’ emotional development may not have yet reached a state similar to that of adults [15]. We also found that a four-factor latent structure (4F model 7), representing general distress, depression, anxiety and stress factors, best fit the data among these students. Early detection of these conditions is therefore of great importance. Tully et al [19] found that the model fit indices improved significantly when the Stress factor was removed from the model, leaving only the Depression, Anxiety and GD factors. The use of subscale scores of Depression and Anxiety among them is also acceptable. There are seven items in each of the subscales; the score of which ranges from 0 to 21 [5]. This study adds important information about factor invariance of the DASS-21 among adolescent boys and girls. Maximum likelihood was the model estimation method used. A four-factor model, in which there was a second-order factor linking all the three Depression, Anxiety and Stress factors but with no direct item loading on this factor and no correlation between Depression, Anxiety and Stress factors (4F-model 10) was also tested. The aim of this paper was to examine the internal consistency, latent structure and convergent validity of the DASS-21 Vietnamese validated version (DASS-21-V) [22] among Vietnamese adolescents. For full functionality of this site, please enable JavaScript. Out of those who did not participate, 120 were absent on the survey day; seven students and two parents refused participation. Convergent validity of two motor skill tests used to assess school-age children. Data from 307 caregivers of children in an early intervention program were used. Ten domain scores can be calculated and range from 0 (poor) to 100 (excellent). The study also extends knowledge on the reliability and convergent validity of the DASS-21-V among Vietnamese people. Symptoms of ‘dryness of the mouth’ or ‘feeling panic” and ‘making a fool of oneself’, however, may not represent symptoms of anxiety among this sample. Convergence was not reached for this model. Convergent and discriminant validity of a naturalistic observational assessment of children's hand skills Chi-Wen Chien , Ted Brown, Rachael McDonald, Sylvia Rodger Research output : Journal article publication › Journal article › Academic research › peer-review Yamato, TP, Maher, C, Koes, B & Moseley, A 2017, ' The PEDro scale had acceptably high convergent validity, construct validity, and interrater reliability in evaluating methodological quality of pharmaceutical trials ', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol. ��e��F It has been shown to be reliable and valid with a three-factor structure [7,8]. The Short Screener scales showed strong-to-moderate correlations with corresponding subscales of the Initial. These disorders may result in impaired capacity to study and work and even suicide among the sufferers if untreated [2]. OBJECTIVE: This prospective study examined the convergent validity and responsiveness of the EuroQoL-5 Dimensions Health Questionnaire (EQ-5D) utility weights in stroke survivors at the subacute stage. In the DASS-21 [5] the respondent is asked to think about their experiences in the past seven days and to judge how each statement applied to them. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. Confirmatory factor analyses using the best-fit model (4F-model 7) in which factor loadings and intercepts were not constrained and grouping according to sex was performed showed that factor loadings and intercepts were automatically set to be equal across groups for all four factors. Method An anonymous, self-completed questionnaire was conducted among 1,745 high school students in Hanoi, Vietnam between October, 2013 and January, 2014. Convergent validity involves measuring a construct with independent measurement techniques and demonstrating a high correlation among the measures. Some differences in degree of convergent validity across PA categories and moderator variables imply that different research conditions should be taken into account prior to … Minh Thi Hong Le, The very strong correlation between the lack of positive affect and general distress factors in 3F-model 4 shows evidence that these two factors may not be distinguishable. Item loadings of those belonging to the DASS-21-A were not as good, especially for item 2 (dryness of the mouth) and item 9 (panic and make fool of self). We theorize that all four items reflect the idea of self esteem (this is why I labeled the top part of the figure Theory). Evidence of convergent validity is important for two main reasons. However the model still did not have adequate fit. The THI and TQ have been demonstrated to have high convergent validity and are both suitable for tinnitus outcome studies involving the quantification of self – perceived tinnitus handicap. The authors recommended the use of the scale in rural Vietnam as a reliable and sensitive screening tool for common mental disorders, but not for depression or anxiety separately. Further research is warrant to explore these results. Convergent validity of manual and automated AU coding To evaluate convergence between manual and automated coding of specific AUs, we focused in our correlation analyses for each AU only on those emotions for which it was a key ingredient and therefore should also show sufficient variation (i.e., correlations with grey background in Table 2 ). An anonymous, self-completed questionnaire was conducted among 1,745 high school students in Hanoi, Vietnam between October, 2013 and January, 2014. Changes to the questionnaire might have improved the convergent validity observed in this study. The model was considered to have good fit if the likelihood ratio p-value ≥ 0.05 [35], RMSEA ≤ 0.06 [15], CFI ≥ 0.90 [19] & SRMR ≤ 0.08 [36]. Convergent validity helps to establish construct validity when you use two different measurement procedures and research methods (e.g., participant observation and a survey) in your dissertation to collect data about a construct (e.g., anger, depression, motivation, task performance). Future research in which the DASS-21-V is compared against a standard diagnostic instrument for common mental disorders would be helpful in confirming its validity for use among Vietnamese adolescents. Because results produced from the two models were exactly the same, it was not possible to assess whether there was metric invariance. sychometric properties and construct validity of the Beach Center FQoL (BCFQoL) scale in Singapore. The respondents were asked about their experiences in different timeframes including today or the previous week. The convergent validity of the structural diagnosis has been supported in studies that show that measures of the structural diagnosis from the structural interview are positively correlated with related constructs such as DSM personality disorders diagnoses, personality pathology, and use of primitive defence mechanisms, as assessed by a variety of methods, such as structured interviews, batteries of … Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The author also found that this 4-factor-model provided the best fit to their data compared to other models [15]. All over the globe, about 400 million people are affected by depression [2] and around 10–20% of the world’s children and adolescents suffer from mental disorders [3]. In this model (4F-model 7), the three factors of Depression, Anxiety and Stress were allowed to correlate. Although this model was the most complex, considering it had the smallest AIC and BIC (a model fit statistic that incorporates a penalty for increased model complexity), it still can be said as showing the best fit to these data, compared to all other models examined. There are 21 items in this scale with four response options: 0 “Did not apply to me at all–Never”, 1 “Applied to me to some degree, or some of the time–Sometimes”, 2 “Applied to me to a considerable degree, or a good part of time–Often” to 3 “Applied to me very much, or most of the time–Almost always”. ... To what extent does convergent validity and discriminant validity exist for the motivation construct? Evidence about the reliability, validity and latent structures of the DASS and DASS-21 among adolescents in low and low-middle income countries is very limited. e for the convergent validity between corresponding subscales of the Initial and Short Screener instruments. Jane Fisher, Affiliation: Huong Thanh Nguyen, All questionnaires were put in separate envelopes and handed back to the researchers at the end of the class session. The findings reveal that instead of comprising only three factors: Depression, Anxiety and Stress, the DASS-21 also reveals a common General Distress among adolescents in Vietnam. In the next stage, we examined the tripartite solution suggested by Duffy et al [18] in which the three factors comprised a physiological arousal factor (items 2, 4, 7 and 19), a lack of positive affect factor (items 3, 10, 16 and 21) and a general distress factor (the remaining items) (3F-model 3). (2015). Children and adolescents account for a third of the population [27] and almost all (97%) of 15-24-year-old adolescents and young adults are able to read and write [28]. Journal of Personality Assessment: Vol. vY�����t�a7�D���^�3��]8Uw�(�z2����'0�`��L�4MaT,�F�0fLH �a These correlations were used to assess the convergent validity of the DASS-21-V among this sample. At first, we tested the original three-factor structure (3F-model 1), containing depression, anxiety and stress, as recorded among adult samples [6,15,18,19]. x�Y����0��Z�� -Q"�4)��d���(��� ��Q S1 File. Discriminant validity (or divergent validity) tests that constructs that should have no relationship do, in fact, not have any relationship. Items loadings for the other items (item 4, 7, 15, 19 & 20) were low to moderate (0.19–0.53), but significant, suggesting that symptoms of physiological arousal may be indicators of anxiety among Vietnamese adolescents. Similar to previous research, we have found that the factor structure of the DASS-21 among adolescents is different to that among adults [15,18,19,21,22,34]. As the DASS and DASS-21 were developed in Australia, their application among adolescents who live in other countries, speak different languages and have different cultures and context, requires careful consideration. Twenty adults with mental retardation and problem behaviors (aggression, self-injury, or property destruction) and 31 respondents participated. An anonymous, self-complete questionnaire and a blank envelope were distributed to students on the survey day. Adolescents not in school were not included. We thank Ms Hau Nguyen, all staff and students at the Jean Hailes Research Unit for their contribution to the design of the project. Since its introduction in 1995, the DASS and its short-form—the DASS-21—have been widely used to assess depression, anxiety and stress among adults. PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US. The DASS-21-V had adequate to very good internal consistency with Cronbach alphas of 0.906 for the overall scale, 0.835 for the Depression subscale, 0.737 for the Anxiety subscale and 0.761 for the Stress subscale. Convergent Validity between Single-Stimulus and Forced-Choice Questionnaires. Nevertheless, the DASS-21-V to detect symptoms of stress among Vietnamese adolescents should be used with caution. The participants resided in the capital city of Vietnam, the economic and socio-demographic development of which may be more advanced than other regions and the emotional awareness and recognition of adolescents may be different from those living elsewhere. METHODS: Repeated assessments were conducted in rehabilitation wards of a medical centre. Reliability, convergent validity and factor structure of the DASS-21 in a sample of Vietnamese adolescents PLoS One. ��]�?�K������/�o����L��G�q5� {��#/�rP�. There are also other methods to test h�bbd```b``��@$S �d{fˀeO�I#0yL���,&`��`Iɨ"��I��w��{��}�����v10҄���_�#@� �E This Vietnamese validated version of the DASS-21 was also administered among undergraduate students from Central Vietnam to assess the effectiveness of self-regulated learning strategies on reducing symptoms of depression [23]. Other students were given instructions to complete the questionnaire. Overall, the results from this study provide evidence that the DASS-21-V is suitable for use as a screening tool for symptoms of common mental health problems, especially Depression and Anxiety among adolescents in Vietnam. 50, No. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. However, its ability in detecting stress among these adolescents may be limited. 161-172. Background: Different scales are being used to measure frailty. 743 0 obj <> endobj This is consistent with the results from Szabo’s study among a sample of Australian adolescents [15]. Keywords: decisional balance, hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis multi-trait multi-method ap-proach (HCFA MTMM), convergent validity, discriminant validity Convergent validity is agreement between measures of the same construct assessed by different methods. DOI: 10.1177/014662168801200409 Corpus ID: 33910093. Complete responses for the DASS-21-V were available for 1,387 students (85.8%) and the analysis was restricted to these individuals. for smoking in adolescence, but evidence of predictive validity is required. Ten schools and centres were purposively selected to represent all three main types of high school in Vietnam. The internal consistency of the scale was further confirmed with Cronbach Alpha’s of 0.81, 0.75 and 0.78, respectively, for the three subscales [23]. PLoS ONE 12(7): The correlations between the DASS-21-D, DASS-21-A and DASS-21-S reduced considerably (r = 0.61 between depression-anxiety, 0.64 between depression-stress and 0.59 between stress and anxiety). For instance, Item 1 might be the statement “I feel good about myself” rated using a 1-to-5 Likert-type response format. Volume 64, Issue 3. Model fit indices for confirmatory factor analyses of DASS-21 among 1,387 high school students in Vietnam. Thach Duc Tran, 778 0 obj <>stream Summary statistics of the DASS-21-V for the whole sample, and separately for male and female students, are presented in Table 2. The factor structure of the DASS-21 when applied among perinatal women therefore appears to be different from that among adolescents. An essential issue regarding personality measures is the existence of convergent validity evidence. Factorial invariance between girls and boys was examined. The DASS-21 is the shortened version of the DASS developed by Lovibond and Lovibond [5] to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among adults. It was only stated as “I felt that I was sensitive” and failed to convey the meaning of being “easily moved to anger” or “highly sensitive in temper or disposition” (Oxford dictionary). It allows assessment of ten HRQoL domains, including physical, mental, general, social and perceived health and self-esteem, pain, disability, anxiety and depression [30]. To assess factor invariance, principal component factor analyses were run separately for girls and boys, and the numbers of principal factors compared between two groups. 176-181. 2017 Jul 19;12(7):e0180557. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. These differences may also be accounted for by the different economic and social characteristics between Vietnam and the other two countries, resulting in different levels of emotional awareness and recognition among the adolescents. Further examinations of the item loadings of the four-factor model show that the seven items of the DASS-21-D generally loaded well on this factor in addition to the common General Distress factor. For the DASS-21-S, item loadings were only significant for item 11 (Agitated) and 12 (difficult to relax). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180557, Editor: Ali Montazeri, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN, Received: October 2, 2016; Accepted: June 16, 2017; Published: July 19, 2017. On the bottom part of the figure (Observation) w… METHODS . 24-31. Since Campbell and Fiske (1959) defined convergent validity and discriminant validity, the tests for convergent validity and discriminant validity have evolved from checking the “high” and “low” correlation coefficients in the multitrait-multimethod context to specific rules of thumbs suggested by Fornell and Larcker (1981) in a multitrait-monomethod context. Sara Holton, Data Availability: All data files are available on Figshare (doi to be provided upon acceptance of the paper). The DASS-21 has been validated for use among Vietnamese samples [22]. Socio-demographic characteristics of 1,387 high school students with complete data for the DASS-21. The Body Esteem Scale: A Convergent and Discriminant Validity Study. 22, No. The use of the DASS-21 among adolescents in Vietnam has been limited to one study [23]; to date there has been no research examining its factor structure and convergent validity among adolescents. Factor scores from the best-fit model were calculated and the correlations between these factor scores and the ten domain scores of the ADHP-V were examined. Correlations between scores of the four factors (General Distress, Depression, Anxiety and Stress) retrieved from the 4F-model 7 and ten domain scores of the ADHP-V are presented in Table 6. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, In this study, the factor structure and evidence about the convergent validity of the DASS-21 Vietnamese validated version among a large sample of Vietnamese adolescents is presented for the first time. Analyses of convergent validity included partial Pearson correlations between scores obtained on the four CogState tests and the four traditional neuropsychological tests selected a priori as conceptual matches, controlled for any demographic or health characteristics that were different between the control and patient groups. For item 8, it is noteworthy that there is no equivalent expression of “nervous energy” in Vietnamese and the translation may thus affect the results. Compared to the results from Tran et al’s study [22], the findings in this study also differ. The manual chart review in this study was limited because several different researchers participated; however, the high level of agreement between the two independent reviews of each record suggests that the manual chart review algorithm was robust. Items loaded significantly on a common general distress factor, the depression, and the anxiety factors, but few on the stress factor (p<0.05). Revision of items or even substitution of new items specific to these constructs among adolescents should be considered in such research. Standardised scores, which allow comparison with the DASS, are presented in Table 3. Translation of the scale into Vietnamese may also contribute to these differences. As hypothesised, all four factors had negative correlations with the domain scores of the ADHP-V. Those whose parents completed the withdrawal forms were asked to put the blank questionnaire and the withdrawal form into the envelope and stay quietly in the classroom. Socioeconomic status was determined using the World Bank’s assessment of the acquisition of 12 household items [29]. Their characteristics may have been very much different from those of the adolescents in this study. Higher scores indicate better HRQoL [32]. The Duke Health Profile (DHP) is a 17-item measure for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) [30]. Anxiety among Vietnamese adolescents suicide among the sufferers if untreated [ 2 ] validity and discriminant validity is., and wide readership – a perfect fit for your research every time and 0.79, convergent validity journal [!, and wide readership – a perfect fit for your research every time been different those... 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Their legal guardians received information packages about the study also differ with convergent!, self-complete questionnaire and a blank envelope were distributed to students on the.!
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