b. The game is very close. a. social facilitation During training, he strived to improve his time by racing against a set time on the clock. Patricia Linville and Edward Jones (1980) gave research participants a list of trait terms and asked them to think about either members of their own group (e.g., Blacks) or members of another group (e.g., Whites) and to place the trait terms into piles that represented different types of people in the group. 12 percent a. Categorization is an ability that begins to develop at the age of 5 in humans. C. One's behavior is independent of societal expectations and roles. b. modern sexism and benevolent sexism. A. He has shared this information with his Account. d. Ms. Jane Collins-Sullivan, Currently, about ___ percent of college-educated brides do not take their husband's last name. a. the history of racial segregation a. German Americans a. the Whorfian hypothesis. The social group viewed as the one with which a person identifies is called a(n) ________. Looking for truth in all the wrong places? media coverage than women competing in more masculine team sports such as basketball or b. Hispanic men b. parents perceive newborn daughters as more delicate and weaker than newborn sons. (Eds.). b. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? a. multiculturalism. b. stereotyping. Alter, A. L., Aronson, J., Darley, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Ruble, D. N. (2010). 1 affective a. interpersonal racism. In some cases, these beliefs may be positive, and they have the effect of making us feel more confident and thus better able to perform tasks. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 9961010. c. unableness b. Ms. Jane Sullivan b. discriminating. b. Puerto Ricans d. modern sexism. Find f(x)f^\prime(x)f(x) and find the value(s) of x where the tangent line is horizontal. (1996). A basic prediction of social categorization theory is that . . a. disablement Conduct test at the 5% Both Middle Easterners and North Africans are nonwhite. He developed a plan for how the group could most effectively share responsibilities. People naturally classify others into categories. 1 It occurs without conscious awareness. Use the purchases journal from the previous exercise. On the way home, Reggie and his other teammates blame the loss solely on the player who missed the last minute shot. It is separated from the lentiform nucleus by the internal capsule. b. C. It forms the anterior boundary of the interventricular . Perceived versus meta-analytic effect sizes: An assessment of the accuracy of gender stereotypes. c. Southern Europe. The participants tended to agree about what traits were true of which groups, and this was true even for groups of which the respondents were likely to never have met a single member (Arabs and Russians). Research has found that the experience of stereotype threat can help explain a wide variety of performance decrements among those who are targeted by negative stereotypes. 4 situational. More than 99 percent of the people in the United States are descended from Stangor, C. (1995). There are more sexual terms associated with males than with females. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). Neighborhood segregation has declined significantly over the past quarter century. 2 The confederates were all adults. Gender stereotyping research that focused on social class has found that: Course Title THEO 104 - Introduction to Christian Thought. Post author: Post published: June 21, 2022 Post category: sustainability conferences usa Post comments: meaning of oja in yoruba meaning of oja in yoruba Specifically, he found that although lines C and D (which are actually the same length) were perceived as equal in length when the lines were not categorized, line C was perceived as being significantly longer than line D in the condition in which the lines were categorized. 275292). c. as active, mature adults Alex says, "That man is incredibly rude." In several forms of media men are more likely than women to be depicted in work-related b. Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance? d. b and c, Which of the following statements about gender stereotyping of children is/are correct? women. Which of the following minority groups is the largest? Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect?A) Social categorization assigns individuals to categories based on common characteristics. b. physical attractiveness ), Prejudice, discrimination and racism (pp. a. racialization. She negatively evaluates a Hispanic applicant because she has "no cultural flavor" in her application. (A) Policy dividends represent earnings to shareowners who hold stock in insurance companies. a. A developmental intergroup theory of social stereotypes and prejudice. In this sense, the stereotypes are at least partly true for many of the members of the social category, in terms of their actual behaviors. Which statement is an accurate characterization of the concept of race? b. unintelligent b. c. 13 percent; 9 percent a. stereotype. c. Latin Americans ", 2 "I did a good job because the task was easy.". d. all of the above, Recent research indicates that _____ sexism actually has a more harmful effect on women's The hormone associated with aggression seems to be ________. a. d. displacement. In other cases, stereotypes are maintained because information that confirms our stereotypes is better remembered than information that disconfirms them. Which of the following was a consequence of the U.S. policy of forcing Japanese families into "relocation centers" during World War II? c. patterns of discrimination are easily fixed by individuals. If you are like most people, you will have a strong desire to categorize this person as either male or female. Richeson, J. b. having few billable hours Coping with the Bisaya Accent by Princess Lupian: A Case Study I. 34, pp. Contextual moderation of racial bias: The impact of social roles on controlled and automatically activated attitudes. This overgeneralization makes it more likely that we will think about and treat all members of a group the same way. Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. EPCA also requires the U.S. Department of Energy (``DOE'') to. Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories, such as believing that all French people like to wear striped shirts, is best described as 29. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Jones, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971). Try the IAT yourself, here: https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit. Only physicians can perform exit evaluations and conduct psychological interviews. d. had qualities of behavior or temperament that were innate and could not be altered. Psychological Review, 115(2), 336356. The results of Crandall's studies on bulimia in sororities are consistent with which of the following statements? Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(10), 807820. a. Asian American women over age 35 182222). Once the participants are convinced that the researcher is able to assess their true attitudes, it is expected that they will be more honest in answering the rest of the questions they are asked because they want to be sure that the researcher does not catch them lying. more: Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups. 3 People who do it tend to be young and nave. c. had different cultural practices that eventually produced physical differences. b. stereotyping. As a result of successive potato famines that produced widespread starvation, 1.5 million people migrated to the United States from ______ in the nineteenth century and settled mostly in ______ areas. What does GDP measure, and why is it important? social impairment An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance. On the cognitive side, individuals who are experiencing stereotype threat show an impairment in cognitive processing that is caused by increased vigilance toward the environment and attempts to suppress their stereotypical thoughts. One difficulty in measuring stereotypes and prejudice is that people may not tell the truth about their beliefs. 2 the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. You want to visit Argentina, but your attitude about Argentina is changing as you read the news about the kidnappings that have occurred there. B. d. Hispanics, Which group of Americans has the highest median household income? a. Northwestern Europe. Chen, M., & Bargh, J. c. It outlawed discriminatory voting practices. b. working-class women are perceived more negatively than are middle-class women. a. Reggie and his family are well off financially. Which of the following statements best describes the break-even point? The participants were shown the list of all the statements that had been made, along with the pictures of each of the discussion group members, and were asked to indicate who had made each of the statements. television. 4 The participants were given two chances at responding. You can see that these social categorizations may create some potential for misperception, and perhaps even hostility. It can help in increasing cooperation among individuals because sharing a common goal often provides a core focus for the groups, generally taking focus off apparent differences. She lost her case and left Price Waterhouse. Perform the indicated operation. c. overrepresentation of female characters with both family and paid work responsibilities a. Social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest because two groups focused on fulfilling their own best interest without acknowledging the actions of the other group involved often leads to neither group benefiting. Explain why social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest. a) Secondary research can be organized in-house or via a research agency. d. 94; 62, Cross-cultural research on ambivalent sexism showed that: Linville, P. W., & Jones, E. E. (1980). b. handicapism B., & Jetten, J. Race can be understood as a classification system that assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical. b. still show more male characters than female characters in basic readers and math materials After they had viewed all the statements made by the individuals in the discussion group, the research participants were given a memory test (this was entirely unexpected for the participants who had not been given memory instructions). c. discrimination. John is expressing his opinions, and Sarah is expressing hers. b. Mexico b) Secondary research is done after primary research. b. In these cases, your membership as a university student is simply more salient and important than it is every day, and you are more likely to categorize yourself accordingly. "The typical job applicant worries about his chances of getting the job." c. William Julius Wilson Rising to the threat: Reducing stereotype threat by reframing the threat as a challenge. d. a and b, Which of the following statements regarding college athletes is/are not true? Which if the following is the correct definition of cognitive dissonance? d. Perhaps the single most significant race-based explanation of Black-white inequality is the restriction or segregation of Blacks in physical space known as the ghetto. a. Waterhouse's refusal to promote her to partner. 2 A girl marries the boy next door. Categorization of individuals on the basis of multiple social features. In most aspects of his life, however, being Scottish American has no meaningful impact on his day-to-day life. Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? (2007). such as martial arts, shotput, and weightlifting received extensive media coverage. a. more favorably than older men Despite the increased participation of women in sports, female athletes continue to be d. Whites may often benefit from it without even realizing it. B) Social categorization can lead to unconscious stereotyping and prejudices. When Reggie and his team play against one of the schools from a less affluent area, Reggie makes fun of the other team's uniforms. Which of the following statements best represents variation in racial and ethnic identification across countries? Thinking about others in terms of their group memberships is known as social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. One day, the power goes out. d. scapegoating. Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? Johns, M., Schmader, T., & Martens, A. Linville, P. W., Salovey, P., & Fischer, G. W. (1986). Dwayne c. In explaining racial inequality between Blacks and whites, class disadvantages are more significant than racism. b. Which of the following statements about categorization is most correct? a. Lawrence Bobo Which of these four statements about self-report measures of attitude are correct? men earned the money, while ___ percent expressed this view in 2002. b. most whites are above racism and incapable of perpetuating discrimination. The effects of stereotype threat and double-minority status on the test performance of Latino women. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? a. Mexicans (2006). Eastern Europe. Black drivers are more than twice as likely as white drivers to be searched during a vehicle stop (even after controlling for variables such as the reason the car was stopped), but they are found in possession of contraband 26 percent less often than white drivers. c. Africa. c. women, regardless of their ethnicity, are generally viewed as unpleasant. New York, NY: Psychology Press. When the responses are arranged on the screen in a matching way, such that the male category and the strong category are on the same side of the screen (e.g., on the right side), participants can do the task very quickly and they make few mistakes. Perceiving outgroup members as unresponsive: Implications for approach-related emotions, intentions, and behavior. Our stereotypes and prejudices are learned through many different processes. Neither individual could move the couch separately, but together, they will be able to move it. Imagine for a moment that two college students, John and Sarah, are talking at a table in the student union at your college or university. Psychological Bulletin, 76(5), 349364. c. The New York Times now publishes announcements of same-sex weddings and commitment ), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. Once they become established, stereotypes (like any other cognitive representation) tend to persevere. c. scapegoating When prejudice does not pay: Effects of interracial contact on executive function. 3 You dislike doing exercise but do it anyway to improve your health. Research suggests that we are more easily influenced by an attractive speaker than by an unattractive speaker. He decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is Arab American and rents it to the second applicant, who is white. d. all of the above, Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? We actively categorize not only objects, but also ideas and events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797811. a. whites d. The more extensive the changes associated with the event, the less the stress. c. hostile; modern d. projecting. a. stereotyping. 1 "I did a good job because I'm smart." A. Which of the following is not true of Ann Hopkins' legal battle? In 2019, approximately 53.6 million metric tons of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) was generated globally, and according to some estimations the annual amount of e-waste will exceed 74 million metric tons by 2030 (Forti et al., 2020: 23).Branded as a solution, the circular economy promises to "design out" waste and keep products and materials in circulation through optimized . The Stanford prison experiment led researchers to conclude which of the following? Because men are more likely to be leaders than are women, they may well be, on average, more dominant; and because women are more likely to take care of children, they may, on average, act in a more nurturing way than do men. 2 We rely on the first information we receive to make internal attributions. In media guides, both female and male athletes are more likely to be shown in passive, nonathletic Content and application inaccuracy in social stereotyping. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. c. male as normative. A. a. in the post-World War II period up to the early 1960s Stereotype threat and the intellectual performance of African Americans. 1. the standards and values of dominant groups 2. various groups' power within society 3. the standards and values of subordinate groups 4. social interaction The standards and values of dominant groups, various groups' power within society, and social interaction Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 10661079. c. There is no such thing as racial microaggressions. b. serve to justify and maintain patriarchal social structures. c. In the 2000 Olympics, women who competed in sports involving power or physical contact b. higher rates of known health risks The basic assumption is that if two concepts are associated or linked, they will be responded to more quickly if they are classified using the same, rather than different, keys. B. b. eugenics. b. Are Hispanics white or nonwhite? b. Joe Feagin Even 5-year-old children have learned cultural norms about the appropriate activities and behaviors for boys and girls and also have developed stereotypes about age, race, and physical attractiveness (Bigler & Liben, 2006). a. d. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism. Which of the following statements regarding project management is true? (1999). Sarah feels quite the contraryarguing that women have been the targets of sexism for many, many years and even now do not have the same access to high-paying jobs that men do. ceremonies Lepore, L., & Brown, R. (1997). b. portrayal of gender-based social roles d. benevolent sexism, Both hostile and benevolent sexism: Based on research presented in the Anxiety and depressive disorders are related through comorbidity and shared risk factors. Sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva argues that d. It outlawed discrimination in the rental or purchase of homes. c. Authoritarianism reflects patterns of thought in general rather than a particular personality type. The role of memory biases in stereotype maintenance. thinks his mother would be unable to deal with the situation and he wants to shield her from pain. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. d. as successful and assertive. Experiments in intergroup discrimination. I. b. often get angry, making a mountain out of a molehill. b. prejudice On the affective side, stereotype threat creates stress as well as a variety of affective responses including anxiety (Schmader, Johns, & Forbes, 2008). For example, if asked "how many . a. women over age 35; women under age 35 b. Europeans. Use the following information to determine its net cash provided or used by operating activities. b) the influences of the social world in which we exist. Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus. Principles of Social Psychology by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. A. permanent The conclusion is simple, if perhaps obvious: Social categorization is occurring all around us all the time. Aim In this study we aimed to evaluate the quality of information regarding premature ejaculation . False, Which of the following is an example of a situational attribution? Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. b. African Americans There are several pairs of terms for females and males that have the same objective meaning Psychological Science, 14(3), 287290. \boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}} & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ Furthermore, one half of the participants were told that when the presentation was over, they would be asked to remember which person had made which suggestion, whereas the other half of the participants were told merely to observe the interaction without attending to anything in particular. After the war, Japanese families joined many Chinese immigrants in segregated Chinatowns. The point at which operating income is equal to $0. (Eds.). At a 0.11%0.11 \%0.11% rate of interest, what is the amount of money U.S. taxpayers are losing per year because of these $45\$ 45$45 million in counterfeit notes? Steele and Aronson argued that thinking about negative stereotypes that are relevant to a task that one is performing creates stereotype threatperformance decrements that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes. Every dialect comprises distinctive accents that reflect on their unique background as a member of the society. a. one-half of the girls heard discouraging, sexist comments about their science, math or athletic Social Cognition, 21(3), 167193. c. now have about equal numbers of male and female characters in basic readers and math c. Asian Americans In this procedure, the experimenter first convinces the participants that he or he has access to their true beliefs, for instance, by getting access to a questionnaire that they completed at a prior experimental session. A superordinate goal is one that is common to two or more groups and requires the cooperation of each group to accomplish. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male appearance. Social identity, self-categorization, and the perceived homogeneity of ingroups and outgroups: The interaction between social motivation and cognition. Confidentiality c. Integrity. d. all of the above, Studies of the parents of newborns have found that: a. boys and girls were equally likely to be shown performing physical activities. Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? Ethnicity bases classification on physical features. a. The figure shows links between the social category of college professors and its stereotypes as a type of neural network or schema. See Page 1. (B) Policy dividends affect the cost of virtually all insurance policies issued today. C. categorization the majority of the confederates gave a wrong answer (for instance line 2 when the correct answer was line 3) . Categorization is the ability and activity of recognizing shared features or similarities between the elements of the experience of the world (such as objects, events, or ideas), organizing and classifying experience by associating them to a more abstract group (that is, a category, class, or type), on the basis of their traits, features, similarities or other criteria that are universal to . b. Tetlock, P. E., & Mitchell, G. (2008). When we see members of social groups perform behaviors, we tend to better remember information that confirms our stereotypes than we remember information that disconfirms our stereotypes (Fyock & Stangor, 1994). d. El Salvadorians, During World War II, _______ were made to report to "relocation centers," which were effectively concentration camps. c. Categorization makes our lives more efficient by guiding our decision-making. a. imply women are weak. Music videos often emphasize women's sexuality rather than their musical talent. b. c. Many Japanese immigrants went on to become activists in the desegregation movement. focused on ethnic minority women. c. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male sexuality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 735754. In one study assessing stereotypes, Stephanie Madon and her colleagues (Madon et al., 2001) presented U.S. college students with a list of 84 trait terms and asked them to indicate for which groups each trait seemed appropriate (Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students). On the other hand, sometimes these beliefs are negative, and they create negative self-fulfilling prophecies such that we perform more poorly just because of our knowledge about the stereotypes. And which groups we use in social categorization can change over time and in different situations. c. often respond with silence, though they experience the interaction as an insult. The nature of prejudice. Psychological defense in anticipation of anxiety: Eliminating the potential for anxiety eliminates the effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. Related Documents. What were the "black codes"? Complicating things, Gkn tests from different cultural circles cannot simply be translated as . c. Asian women 5 b. some traits are not uniformly applied to women in diverse ethnic groups. Multiple social categorization. c. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of covert racism. "Gwendolyn Brooks is an outstanding poetess." c. discrimination. Therefore, new challenges for public . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 819833. d. all of the above. d. b and c, In examining women's sexuality in music and music videos, which of the following statements a. Athleticism of female athletes tends to be overemphasized. How can cognitive dissonance help to reduce unconsciously prejudiced or discriminatory behavior? movies, and theater It turns out that John does not think there should be a womens studies program at the college, and he tells Sarah so. b. as comic or eccentric figures Ethnicity bases classification on physical features. b. d. discrimination, Who would MOST likely believe that strengthening the Black family is the solution to racial inequality? Subaccounts provide more detail on accounts in reports in a simple and straightforward way You can collapse or expand each group of accounts on reports, depending on the arrow direction next to the group Subaccount balances appear indented under the parent account on reports Subaccounts do not count . Empty cart. Ethan is a white man who has Scottish ancestry and wore a kilt to his wedding. d. minority group. "The fund-raising committee chairman suggested that the group sponsor a raffle." Lippman, W. (1922). He receives two very promising applications from individuals who both are college educated and hold well-paying jobs. Stereotypes are the beliefs associated with social categories. Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., & Brewer, M. B. This finding is most consistent with: The IMA's Statement of Ethical Professional Practice includes all but which of the following broad categories? A company uses the indirect method to determine its cash flows from operating activities. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The study of neuroendocrinology examines how the brain and ________ work together to coordinate the physiological functioning of the body., According to one model, stress is the result of systemic activation of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the ________. ______ refers to a type of social identity related to ancestry (perceived or real) and cultural differences which become effective or active in certain contexts. highly achievement-oriented, independent and ambitious. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct?broward summer school schedule. c. multiculturalism. Southern and Eastern Europe. People who sit farther away are assumed to be more prejudiced toward the members of the group. For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002). San Diego, CA: Elsevier. 44; 22 c. A researcher conducts a series of interviews with new immigrants to the United States who came from Central America. a. the more hostile sexism endorsed by the men, the less benevolent sexism reported by the significance level. Between 1915 and 1923, more than a million Armenians were killed by the Ottoman Turkish government. A. a. Donald Trump is the least racist president ever. Notably, the image in Figure 1 is also a stock photo supplied by one of the world's largest commercial image banks, Getty Images.As we say, newspapers and other news media outlets increasingly source their images this way, with fewer . Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by _______. c. benevolent sexism. Both PERT and CPM require that network tasks have unchanging durations. View Bus311.docx from BUSI 311 at Liberty University. (1993). Whites regularly engage in overt racism against Asian Americans. Escalation of conflict is the result of all of the following issues except __________. d. all of the above, Which of the following groups of individuals is least likely to be seen on television? a. spotlighting. d. laws granting relief from discrimination and segregation, beginning in the 1950s, Industrial development in the North of the United States, combined with the mechanization of agriculture in the South, produced a progressive movement of _______ northward starting at the beginning of the twentieth century. Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. a. unfriendly Steve's attitude is an example of partnership was denied on the basis of her gender. Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. a. stress D. scapegoating, One of the issues that makes categorization a difficult prejudice to overcome is that it is often __________. d. "The bachelor and spinster decided to share an apartment. a. underrepresentation of females 4 Social categorization is a relatively new phenomenon. a. interpersonal racism. c. victim. b. male generic language. Tajfel, H. (1970). Fyock, J., & Stangor, C. (1994). Aboud, F. E., & Doyle, A.-B. c. Middle Easterners are white and North Africans are nonwhite. Her case was appealed to the Supreme Court. d. 75 percent, Blacks account for roughly ______ of the U.S. population and ______ of chief executives.
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